中晚熟粒用高粱不同组合杂交种的筛选
2021-01-16姚燕辉赵兴奎彭锁堂段永红
姚燕辉 赵兴奎 彭锁堂 段永红
摘要:为选育优质中晚熟粒用高粱新材料,本试验采用单因素随机区组设计,以4份不同杂交组合高粱亲本为试验材料,分析不同组合杂交种的生育期、农艺性状及产量性状的差异,筛选最佳的中晚熟粒用高粱组合。高粱组合杂交种的生育期存在差异,但相差不大,生育期最长的高粱组合23A×014-52,生育期为134天,生育期最短的高粱组合147A×014-34,生育期为123天;高粱组合23A×014-52的农艺性状较好;与对照相比,增产的高粱组合为23A×014-52、27A×017-95,其中高粱组合23A×014-52增产明显,较对照高出30.06%。结合分析农艺性状、产量性状等,高粱组合23A×014-52杂种优势较突出,可以作为培育中晚熟粒用高粱的亲本材料。
关键词:粒用高粱;杂交种;筛选;农艺性状;产量性状
中图分类号:S514文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas20191100259
基金项目:山西省自然科学面上自然基金项目“高粱基因组甲基化差异表达及淀粉合成基因甲基化调控分析”(201701D121105)。
Hybrids Screening from Combinations of Middle-late Maturing Grain Sorghum
Yao Yanhui, Zhao Xingkui, Peng Suotang, Duan Yonghong
(College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China)
Abstract: To breed high-quality and middle-late maturing grain sorghum, the authors used single-factor randomized block design, took the hybrids of four different sorghum combinations as test materials, to analyze the difference of agronomic traits and yield traits and screen the best combination of middle-late maturing grain sorghum. There were difference of the growing period of hybrids from tested combinations, but the difference was not obvious, the hybrid sorghum combination 23A×014-52 had the longest growing period about 134 days, the hybrid sorghum combination of 147A×014-34 had the shortest growing period of 123 days; the agronomic traits of sorghum combination 23A×014-52 were relatively good; the yield of the combination 23A×014-52 and 27A×017-95 were higher compared with that of control, and the yield of the combination 23A×014-52 was 30.06% higher than that of control. Considering the analysis of agronomic traits and yield traits, the sorghum combination 23A×014-52 has strong heterosis and could be used as parent material for cultivating middle-late maturing grain sorghum.
Keywords: Grain Sorghum; Hybrid; Screening; Agronomic Traits; Yield Traits
0引言
高粱[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]属于禾本科(Gramineae)、高粱属植物,一年生草本植物,是一种重要的粮饲兼用作物。高粱的光合效率高,属C4植物,抗逆性突出,具有抗寒、耐盐碱、耐涝、耐贫瘠等多重抗逆性,杂种优势强,天然异交率高达50%,是常异花授粉作物中最早成功利用杂种优势的作物[1]。无论是生物学产量还是经济学产量都较高,属于高产、稳产作物,大力发展高粱产业,可利用其他作物适应不了的自然条件,从而达到投入少、收益高的效果[2-3]。粒用高粱以获取籽粒为目的,其特点是:茎秆高矮不等,分蘖力较弱,穗密且短,茎内髓部含水量较少,籽粒品质较佳,常作为食用、饲用、酿酒或生产酒精的原料[4-5]。……
