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基于多目标导向的崇礼生态风景道规划途径

2021-01-13李梦雨王振坤马超姚朋

中国城市林业 2021年6期

李梦雨 王振坤 马超 姚朋

摘要:在新时代生态文明和美丽中国建设及城乡区域一体化发展的背景下,风景道的科学规划与建设对于生态保护、景观提升、产业发展等具有重要意义。文章以张家口市崇礼区太子城沟为例,应用最小累积阻力模型、景观视觉评价、生态经济和美学综合评价的方法对其生态风景道进行生态格局重塑、重点区域识别和农林植被优选,结果共识别出10个生态源地作为重点保护区、模拟生态廊道45条、确定景观提升区域9处、优选农林植被4类。在此基础上,提出太子城沟生态风景道的规划途径,以期为同类研究和实践提供有益借鉴和参考。

关键词:风景道,规划途径,多目标,张家口崇礼区

DOI: 10.12169/zgcsly.2021.09.08.0003

Abstract: Under the background of the construction of ecological civilization and Beautiful China in the new era and the integrated urban-rural development, the science-based planning and construction of scenic byways are of great significance for ecological protection, landscape improvement and industrial development. Taking Taizichenggou in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City as a case, the paper applies the methods of minimum cumulative resistance model, landscape visual evaluation and integrated eco-economic and aesthetic evaluation for ecological pattern reconstruction, key area identification and agriculture and forest vegetation selection. As the results, 10 ecological sources are identified as key protection areas, and then 45 ecological corridors are simulated, 9 landscape improvement areas are identified and 4 types of vegetation are selected. On this basis, the paper proposes the approaches to the ecological scenic byways planning in Taizichenggou, with the expectation to provide helpful references for similar research and practices.

Keywords: scenic byway, planning approach, multi-objective, Chongli district of Zhangjiakou city

風景道起源于19世纪末,奥姆斯特德在波士顿翡翠项圈中规划了串联城市与郊区公园的游憩路径——公园道[1];此后百余年间,风景公路、绿道、遗产廊道等不断扩充风景道的概念、功能与形式。生态风景道是指位于市(县)域范围以内、城市建设用地之外,以具备交通运输功能的道路为主体,涵盖沿途具备景观功能的可视空间,具有生态保护、休闲游憩等多种功能的公路的统称[2]。

美国作为风景道的摇篮,在风景道的分类体系、规划建设和运营管理等方面进行了长期的探索和研究。而我国对于风景道的研究仍处于起步阶段,当前研究多聚焦于案例分析、景观评价和规划设计等方面:余青等[3-5]以美国蓝岭风景道、哥伦比亚河历史路……

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