科学探究中证据运用的几点思考
2021-01-13陆永胜
陆永胜
摘要在科学课堂上,学生有效进行科学探究的过程其实就是学生基于证据学习的过程。探究学习要经历依据问题进行假设,制订计划设计实验,进行实验获取结论等环节。在实际教学中,时常会出现假设证据的不合理,研究证据的不可行,获得的证据不正确,运用的证据不全面等现象,使得基于证据的学习虚假化,导致科学探究失败。在教学中,教师需要关注学生学习证据的有效性,引导学生顺利完成科学探究的目标。
关键词 科学探究 证据运用 实验设计
中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.30.015
Reflections on the Application of Evidence in Scientific Inquiry
LU Yongsheng
(Jiangsu Pizhou Tiefu Lianfang Primary School, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221300)
Abstract: In science class, the process of students’ effective scientific inquiry is actually the process of stu? dents’ evidence-based learning. Inquiry learning should go through such links as making assumptions according to problems, making plans, designing experiments, carrying out experiments and obtaining conclusions. In practi? cal teaching, there are often phenomena such as unreasonable hypothetical evidence, infeasibility of research evi? dence, incorrect evidence obtained and incomplete evidence used, which make evidence-based learning false and lead to the failure of scientific inquiry. In teaching, teachers need to pay attention to the effectiveness of students’ learning evidence and guide students to successfully complete the goal of scientific inquiry.
Keywords: scientific inquiry; application of evidence; experimental design
在科学课堂上,学生有效进行科学探究的过程其实就是学生基于证据学习的过程。探究学习要经历依据问题进行假设,制订计划设计实验,进行实验获取结论等环节。各环节都要基于一定的证据进行,比如作出假设时要运用合理的证据,探究过程中要根据实验获得的证据得出结论,拓展运用时要运用的实验结论(学习证据)解决实际问题等。在实际教学中,时常会出现假设证据的不合理,研究证据的不可行,获得的证据不正确,运用的证据不全面等现象,使得基于证据的学习虚假化,导致科学探究失败。在教学中,教师需要关注学生学习证据的有效性,引导学生顺利完成科学探究的目标。
假设的证据要有合理性
探究学习是学生科学学习的重要方式,作出假设是科学探究的重要一步。《义务教育小学科学课程标准》要求,能基于所学的知识,从事物的结构、功能、变化及相互关系等角度提出有针对性的假设,并能说明假设的依据。……
