王翠霞 徐佳佳 张利娜

摘 要 目的：分析社区脑卒中高危人群颈动脉斑块检出情况及其危险因素，为社区脑卒中防治提供参考依据。方法：选取252例脑卒中高危患者分别行颈动脉血管超声检查，其中男性141例，女性111例，平均年龄（68±8）岁。分析该人群颈动脉斑块的发生情况及危险因素。结果：社区脑卒中高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率为63.9%，男性颈动脉斑块检出率高于女性（73.8%比51.3%，P<0.01）。logistic回归分析结果显示，男性、年龄、吸烟、总胆固醇升高、肥胖、冠心病与脑卒中高危人群颈动脉斑块发生相关。结论：社区脑卒中高危人群颈动脉斑块的检出率较高，男性、高龄、吸烟、胆固醇升高、冠心病是脑卒中高危人群发生颈动脉斑块的独立危险因素，需针对不同人群制定相应的管理措施，降低脑卒中的发生风险。

关键词 脑卒中；高危人群；颈动脉斑块；危险因素；社区

中图分类号：R743.3文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）24-0059-04

Analysis of detection of carotid plaque and the risk factors in high-risk population of stroke in Beicai Community of Pudong New District， Shanghai

WANG Cuixia， XU Jiajia， ZHANG Lina（General Practice Department of Beicai Community Health Service Center of Pudong New District， Shanghai 201204， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the detection of carotid plaque and its risk factors in high-risk population of stroke in the community， to provide reference basis for community stroke prevention and treatment. Methods： Two hundred and fifty-two cases of high-risk patients of stroke were selected for carotid artery ultrasound examination， among them there were 141 males and 111 females， with an average age of （68 ± 8） years. The incidence and risk factors of carotid plaque in this population were analyzed. Results： The detection rate of carotid plaque in high-risk population of stroke in the community was 63.9%， and the detection rate of carotid plaque in men was higher than that in women （73.8% vs 51.3%， P<0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that men， age， smoking， elevated total cholesterol， obesity， and coronary heart disease were associated with carotid plaques in high-risk population of stroke. Conclusion： The detection rate of carotid plaque in high-risk population of stroke in the community is high， men， advanced age， smoking， elevated cholesterol， and coronary heart disease are the independent risk factors for carotid plaque in high-risk population of stroke， and it is necessary to formulate corresponding management measures for different populations to reduce the risk of stroke.

KEY WORDS stroke； high-risk population； carotid plaque； risk factor； community

腦卒中是一类发病率及致死率很高的常见病，严重危害着患者的身心健康，降低患者的生活质量，给患者家庭及社会均带来沉重的经济负担。我国每年新发脑卒中人数约300余万，每年因脑卒中死亡的人数高达约170余万[1]。相关研究指出，动脉粥样硬化是脑卒中的关键危险因素，在其发生、进展中发挥重要的作用[2]。动脉粥样硬化的重要标志为颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（Intimamedia Thickness，IMT）增厚及颈动脉斑块形成。颈动脉超声是判定颈动脉粥样硬化程度及斑块形成的重要手段之一。本研究旨在了解社区脑卒中高危人群颈动脉斑块的发生情况，分析其相关的危险因素，为脑卒中的早期防治和干预提供参考依据。……