陈宇涛 刘艺龙 张丹金

摘 要 目的：了解2020-2021年茂名城鎮及农村地区学龄前儿童蛲虫感染率及分布状况，为儿童蛲虫病的防治提供参考依据。方法：于2020-2021年针对茂名城镇、农村地区托幼机构的1 589名4～6岁学龄前儿童开展蛲虫感染率的调查，其中男性823例，女性766例。蛲虫感染采用透明胶纸肛拭法采集，用高分辨率显微镜检出蛲虫卵进行诊断。结果：在1 589例样本中检出蛲虫感染165例，感染率为10.38%。其中，城镇地区儿童的蛲虫感染率为9.77%（86/880）；农村地区儿童的蛲虫感染率为11.14%（79/709）；男童和女童的蛲虫感染率分别为10.94%和9.79%；4岁、5岁和6岁儿童的蛲虫感染率分别为14.89%（74/497），12.23%（68/556）和4.29%（23/536）；差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：茂名地区学龄前儿童蛲虫感染率比2000年有所下降，不同地区、性别、年龄与儿童蛲虫感染无关。提示应加强学龄前儿童健康教育，改善家庭、托幼机构的卫生条件等综合性防控措施，有效预防蛲虫感染及自身重复感染。

关键词 蛲虫；感染；学龄前儿童

中图分类号：R532.13 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）24-0044-02

Investigation of enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children in Maoming Region， Guangdong

CHEN Yutao， LIU Yilong， ZHANG Danjin

（Department of Medical Technology of Maoming Health Professional College， Maoming， Guangdong 525000， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To understand the infection rate and distribution of enterobius vermicularis in preschool children in Maoming urban and rural areas from 2020 to 2021， and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of enterobius vermicularis in children. Methods： From 2020 to 2021， an investigation was conducted on the infection rate of enterobius vermicularis among 1 589 preschool children aged 4 ～ 6 in kindergartens in Maoming urban and rural areas， and among them， 823 were males and 766 were females. Infection of enterobius vermicularis was collected by anal swab with cellophane tape， and high-resolution microscope was used to detect enterobius vermicularis eggs for diagnosis. Results： One hundred and sixtyfive cases of infection of enterobius vermicularis were detected in 1 589 samples， and the infection rate was 10.38%. Among them， the infection rate of enterobius vermicularis in children in urban areas was 9.77%（86/880）； the infection rate of enterobius vermicularis in children in rural areas was 11.14%（79/709）； the infection rates of enterobius vermicularis in boys and girls were 10.94% and 9.79%， respectively； the infection rates of enterobius vermicularis of 4-year-old， 5-year-old and 6-year-old children were 14.89%（74/497）， 12.23%（68/556） and 4.29%（23/536）， respectively； the differences were not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion： The infection rate of enterobius vermicularis in preschool children in Maoming Region decreases compared with that in 2000， different regions， genders and ages were not related to infection of enterobius vermicularis in children. It is suggested that comprehensive prevention and control measures such as strengthening health education for preschool children， and improving the hygienic conditions of families and kindergartens should be taken to effectively prevent infection of enterobius vermicularis and self repeated infection.

KEY WORDS enterobius vermicularis； infection， preschool children

蛲虫是主要寄居于人体肠道的寄生虫，人类是其唯一的宿主。全国第二次人体重要寄生虫病现状调查结果显示，全国12岁以下儿童蛲虫感染率高达10.28%[1]，卫生条件差的家庭往往多人同时患病。由于其生活史简单和传播途径多样可导致自身感染和在集体机构中通过密切接触形成反复交叉感染，是儿童常见寄生虫病之一。蛲虫病患儿通常表现为烦躁不安、失眠、磨牙、食欲缺乏等现象，严重危害儿童身心健康[2]。2000年茂名市地区托幼机构的蛲虫感染率为28.73%，其中，私立幼儿园的儿童感染率为33.71%[3]，明显高于国内各地儿童的感染率。……