陈婷婷 李胜男 王莹 刘笑笑 魏春雁

摘 要：为了解吉林省粮油产品中玉米赤酶烯酮、伏马毒素和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的污染状况及居民膳食暴露水平，采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对2020年吉林省主产区的玉米、小麦、水稻、大豆、葵花籽和花生等129份样品中B类生物毒素污染状况进行检测分析，对吉林省粮油产品中的B类生物毒素急/慢性膳食摄入风险进行评估。结果显示，粮油产品中B类生物毒素的污染风险在可接受范围内，慢性膳食摄入风险（%ADI）和急性膳食摄入风险（%ARfD）均低于100%，对成人和儿童均无显著急、慢性摄入风险。本文为粮油产品安全消费、镰刀菌生物毒素监管提供了科学依据。

关键词：粮油产品;玉米赤酶烯酮;伏马毒素;脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇;暴露评估

Pollution Status and Exposure Assessment of B Biotoxins in Grain and Oil Products in Jilin Province

CHEN Tingting1， LI Shengnan2， WANG Ying2， LIU Xiaoxiao2， WEI Chunyan2*

（1.Jilin Sinograin Grain and Oil Quality Supervision Center Co.， Ltd.， Changchun 130033， China; 2.Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Risk Assessment Lab of Agri-products Quality and Safety （Changchun）， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C， Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety， Changchun 130033， China）

Abstract： To understand the pollution status of zearalenone， fumonisin and deoxynivalenol in grain and oil products in Jilin Province and the level of residents’ dietary exposure， the pollution status of B biotoxins in 129 samples of corn， wheat， rice， soybean， sunflower seeds and peanuts in the main producing areas of Jilin Province in 2020 was detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry， and the acute/chronic dietary intake risk of B biotoxins in grain and oil products in Jilin Province was evaluated. The results show that the pollution risk of B biotoxins in grain and oil products was within the acceptable range. The risk of chronic dietary intake （%ADI） and acute dietary intake （%ARfD） were lower than 100%， and there was no significant risk of acute and chronic intake for adults and children. This paper provides a scientific basis for safe consumption of grain and oil products and supervision of fusarium biotoxins.

Keywords： grain and oil products; zearalenone; fumonisins; deoxynivalenol; dietary exposure assessment

鐮刀菌属（Fusarium sp.）会产生生物活性和化学结构相似的四环倍半萜衍生物单端孢霉烯族化合物，分为A、B、C和D 4类。粮油产品的单端孢霉烯族化合物主要是A类和B类，A类的代表性毒素有T-2毒素、HT-2毒素和二乙酰藨草镰刀菌烯醇;B类则以脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤酶烯酮及伏马毒素为代表，主要污染小麦、大麦、玉米、燕麦、大米、裸麦和高粱等谷物的主要单端孢霉烯族化合物。

粮油产品是社会发展和人类生存的基本保证，其质量安全事关民生。粮油产品在生长期、收获期和储存期都可能被单端孢霉烯族化合物污染，不仅造成减产和品质降低，人畜进食后还可引起生物毒素中毒，危害人畜健康。笔者相继开展了粮油产品中B类生物毒素污染状况的监测与控制、居民膳食暴露评估等工作，以推进吉林省粮油产品质量安全精准监管、消费者放心消费，推动相关产业提质增效。……