低年段学生证据意识的培养策略
2021-01-10刘云
刘云
摘要本文以《气体的热胀冷缩》一课为例,谈谈小学低年段基于科学论证的探究式教学策略。教师通过基于证据的科学探究,开展有效的科学研讨,培养学生记录证据的习惯,发展他们的科学思维。通过情境中聚焦核心问题,引导科学猜想;在实践中获取直接经验,寻找科学证据;观察中准确记录,学会科学表达;于研讨中论证解释,建构科学概念。
关键词 热胀冷缩 探究式教学 科学猜想 表达能力
中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.05.025
The Cultivation Strategy of Evidence Consciousness of Junior Students
LIU Yun
(Songshanhu Central Primary School, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808)
Abstract: This paper takes the lesson of "gas expansion and contraction" as an example to talk about the inquiry teaching strategy based on scientific argumentation in the early primary school. Through scientific inqui? ry based on evidence, teachers can carry out effective scientific discussion, cultivate students’ habit of recording evidence and develop their scientific thinking. By focusing on the core issues in the context, we can guide sci? entific conjecture; Obtaining direct experience in practice and looking for scientific evidence; Record accurately in observation and learn to express scientifically; In the course of discussion, we can demonstrate and explain, and construct scientific concepts.
Keywords: expansion and contraction; inquiry teaching; scientific conjecture; expression ability
低年段学生在科学课堂上主要通过观察、实验等方法获取证据,得出探究结论,并尝试进行科学解释。在实际教学中,尽管低年段学生对事物充满了好奇心,对科学实验也很感兴趣,但由于前概念的顽固性,他们常常以自己的生活经验为中心,盲目而仓促地下结论,或者遇到实验结果和猜测不一致时照搬课本的知识点,探究时缺乏思维的参与。科学论证是科学探究重要的特征之一,也是教学难点。在教学上,教师应通过基于证据的科学探究,开展有效的科学研讨,培养学生记录证据的习惯,发展他们的科学思维。本文以《气体的热胀冷缩》一课为例,谈谈小学低年段基于科学论证的探究式教学策略。
情境中聚焦核心问题,引导科学猜想
杜威在“反省思维的分析”中指出:“从情境中发现疑难,从疑难中提出问题。”教师根据低年段学生的学情特点,通过创设情境,让学生聚焦核心问题,引导学生提出科学猜想。
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