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《导体与绝缘体》教学实录与反思

2021-01-09柳良敏

科教导刊 2021年18期

柳良敏

摘要《导体与绝缘体》是教科版《科学》四年级下册“电”单元的第5课,将借助导线、灯泡、电池等电器元件和许多有趣的探究活动,用电路检测器检测导体与绝缘体,使学生对身边物质性质的认识得到发展,帮助学生建立有关电的初步概念,引导学生认识导体和绝缘体这两个概念,促进他们对科学探究的理解和探究能力的发展,同时加深了他们对电的理解。学生在教师的引导下主动开展探究活动,在用电路检测器科学规范地检测多种材料的完整过程中,体验到探究的乐趣。学生通过讨论、例证,懂得了导体和绝缘体各有什么作用,强化了他们对导体和绝缘体的理解,了解了安全用电的注意事项,形成安全用电的生活意识。

关键词 导体 绝缘体 安全用电

中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.18.018

Teaching Record and Reflection of“Conductor and Insulator”

LIU Liangmin

(The First Experimental Primary School in Jingning She Autonomous County, Lishui, Zhejiang 323500)

Abstract: "Conductor and insulator" is the fifth lesson of "electricity" unit in the fourth grade volume 2 of science. With the help of wires, bulbs, batteries and other electrical components and many interesting explora? tion activities, circuit detectors will be used to detect conductors and insulators, so as to develop students’ un? derstanding of the properties of materials around them and help them establish a preliminary concept of electrici? ty, to guide students to understand the two concepts of conductor and insulator, promote their understanding of scientific inquiry and the development of inquiry ability, and deepen their understanding of electricity. Under the guidance of teachers, students actively carry out exploration activities, and experience the fun of exploration in the complete process of using circuit detector to detect a variety of materials scientifically and normatively. Through discussion and examples, students understand the functions of conductors and insulators, strengthen their understanding of conductors and insulators, understand the precautions for safe use of electricity, and form a sense of life for safe use of electricity.

Keywords: conductor; insulator; safe use of electricity

教學分析

《导体与绝缘体》是教科版《科学》四年级下册“电”单元的第5课,本课分为两个部分:

第一部分,检测身边的物体是否导电,以检测一块橡皮的导电性作为研究。教材描述用电路检测器检测一块橡皮的完整过程,让学生明确知道这一检测过程和这样做的意义,这是教学重点。接着开始研究我们周围的物体,对这些物体进行预测、检测,整理检测记录,这是一个从感性认识发展到理性思维的过程。活动的最后引导学生认识导体和绝缘体这两个概念。

第二部分,教室中电器设备的绝缘,这一部分的活动是在第一部分的基础上做进一步的研究,是对第一部分内容的理解和应用,认识到导体和绝缘体在电路中同样重要,并提醒学生注意安全用电。……

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