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以结构化的材料辅助建构科学概念

2021-01-09芮春花

科教导刊 2021年18期

芮春花

摘要探究活动是学生学习科学的重要方式,这样的探究活动不是“纸上谈兵”式的学习,而是要让学生借助亲身经历的探究来直接获取经验,学习和建构具体的科学概念。这就要求教师在教学中深度挖掘材料的“结构”来辅助学生建构科学概念,结合教学目标,运用有特定关系和规律的典型材料,将这些材料进行结构化组合,使其与学生的思维活动和所学概念相关联。本文结合苏教版《科学》二年级下册“玩磁铁”单元的教学,聚焦磁铁的相关核心概念,阐述如何结合结构化的材料逐步帮助学生建构科学概念。

关键词 探究活动 科学学习 科学概念

中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.18.014

Constructing Scientific Concepts with Structured Materials

——Taking the unit teaching of "playing with magnets" as an example

RUI Chunhua

(Nanjing East Beijing Road Primary School, Sunshin Branch, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042)

Abstract: Inquiry activity is an important way for students to learn science. This kind of inquiry activity is not a "paperwork" learning, but to let students directly obtain experience, learn and construct specific scientific concepts with the help of personal experience. This requires teachers to dig deep into the "structure" of materi? als in teaching to help students construct scientific concepts. Combined with teaching objectives, typical materi? als with specific relations and laws are used to structurally combine these materials, so as to make them associ? ated with students’ thinking activities and concepts learned. Based on the teaching of "playing with magnets" unit in Volume 2 of Science published by Jiangsu Education Press, this paper focuses on the core concepts of magnets, and expounds how to help students gradually construct scientific concepts by combining structured ma? terials.

Keywords: inquiry activity; science learning; scientific concept

探究活動是学生学习科学的重要方式,这样的探究活动不是“纸上谈兵”式的学习,而是要让学生借助亲身经历的探究来直接获取经验,学习和建构具体的科学概念。这就要求教师在教学中深度挖掘材料的“结构”来辅助学生建构科学概念。笔者结合苏教版《科学》二年级下册“玩磁铁”单元的教学,聚焦磁铁的相关核心概念,阐述如何结合结构化的材料逐步帮助学生建构科学概念。

优化材料,暴露认知,延伸思维

教学材料本身应该是有结构的因为材料与材料之间,材料与科学知识之间,材料与教学目标之间都有着紧密且复杂的关系,所以教师的不同选择和理解会导致学生学习效果的不同。这就要求教师要结合教学目标,运用有特定关系和规律的典型材料,将这些材料进行结构化组合,使其与学生的思维活动和所学概念相关联。……

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