贺子聪 高晓燕

摘要地球与宇宙科学领域是小学科学的重要学习内容。地球与宇宙的有关现象、知识和规律具有时间和空间上的宏观性和抽象性，需要运用实地观察、模拟实验、逻辑推理等方法进行探究。“月相”是地球与宇宙科学领域中具有代表性的课题，学生需要在教师的指导下，实际观察、运用空间想象建立模型、利用推理解释现象来学习。处理好本课的教学，有助于激发学生对地球与宇宙的探索热情，培养他们的模型思维，发展空间想象能力。由于教学内容抽象、学生空间思维能力不成熟等，“月相”在教学上仍存在难点。本文从月相何时可见、朔月为何不易见以及月相变化规律三方面入手，进行知识上的分析，并针对上述问题，对本课的教学策略进行探讨。

关键词 小学科学 月相 教学策略

中图分类号：G424文献标识码：ADOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.24.010

Related Knowledge and Teaching Strategy of "Lunar Phase"

HE Zicong[1]， GAO Xiaoyan[2]

（[1] Elementary Education College of Capital Normal University， Beijing 100048；[2] Yuanyang Primary School of Fangcaodi International School， Beijing 100025）

Abstract： The field of earth and cosmic science is an important learning content of primary school science. The phenomena， knowledge and laws related to the earth and the universe are macro and abstract in time and space， which need to be explored by means of field observation， simulation experiment， logical reasoning and so on "Lunar phase" is a representative subject in the field of earth and cosmic science. Under the guidance of teachers， students need to observe， use spatial imagination to establish models， and use reasoning to explain phe？ nomena. Handling the teaching of this course well will help to stimulate students’ enthusiasm for exploring the earth and the universe， cultivate their model thinking and develop their spatial imagination ability. Due to the abstract teaching content and the immature spatial thinking ability of students， there are still difficulties in the teaching of "lunar phase". This paper analyzes the knowledge from three aspects： when the lunar phase is visi？ ble， why the new moon is not easy to see and the law of lunar phase change， and discusses the teaching strate？ gy of this course in view of the above problems.

Keywords： primary school science； lunar phase； teaching strategy

地球與宇宙科学领域是小学科学的重要学习内容。地球与宇宙的有关现象、知识和规律具有时间和空间上的宏观性和抽象性，需要运用实地观察、模拟实验、逻辑推理等方法进行探究。“月相”是地球与宇宙科学领域中具有代表性的课题，学生需要在教师的指导下，实际观察、运用空间想象建立模型、利用推理解释现象来学习。处理好本课的教学，有助于激发学生对地球与宇宙的探索热情，培养他们的模型思维，发展空间想象能力。由于教学内容抽象、学生空间思维能力不成熟等，“月相”在教学上仍存在难点。

本文从月相何时可见、朔月为何不易见以及月相变化规律三方面入手，进行知识上的分析，并针对上述问题，对本课的教学策略进行探讨。……