七叶一枝花种子标准化生产技术规程
2020-12-21苏海兰方少忠李先恩郑梅霞单寄坪陈宏朱育菁
苏海兰 方少忠 李先恩 郑梅霞 单寄坪 陈宏 朱育菁
摘 要:通过多年的七叶一枝花种子生产实践研究,制定了七叶一枝花种子生产技术规程。根据《中药材生产质量管理规范》要求,对七叶一枝花种子生产的产地环境要求、母株选择与处理、种植管理、授粉、护果、病虫害防治、种子采收、种子加工、种子质量及检验、包装、贮藏和运输等方面开展研究,明确种子生产过程各个关键环节最优方法和指标,以规范七叶一枝花种子生产,为其种子标准化生产提供技术支撑。
关键词:七叶一枝花;种子;生产技术规程
中图分类号:S567 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253-2301(2020)05-0066-04
Abstract: Through many years of practice research on the seed production of Paris polyphylla, the technical regulations for the seed production of Paris polyphylla were formulated. According to the requirements of the Production Quality Management Standard for Chinese medicinal materials, the study was carried out on the production environment requirements, mother plant selection and treatment, planting management, pollination, fruit protection, pest control, seed collection, seed processing, seed quality and inspection, packaging, storage and transportation. Then, the optimal method and index of each key link in the process of seed production were defined, so as to standardize the seed production of Paris polyphylla and provide the technical support for the standardized production of Paris polyphylla seed.
Key words: Paris polyphylla; Seed; Technical regulations for production
七葉一枝花Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis Franch.Hara其性微寒、味苦,有小毒,归肝经,具有清热解毒,消肿止痛,凉肝定惊之功效[1],常用于治疗疔疮痈肿,咽喉肿痛,蛇虫咬伤,跌扑伤痛,惊风抽搐等疾病[2]。七叶一枝花常规繁殖技术通常有种子繁殖、根茎繁殖和组培繁殖3种技术[3]。根茎繁殖与药材竞争原料,且繁殖系数小、成本高;而七叶一枝花组培育苗技术尚未普遍应用到生产中[4];七叶一枝花繁殖的主要方式为种子繁殖。但在自然条件下七叶一枝花种子产量少、质量不一,出苗率低,种苗质量参差不齐,种苗成本高,严重阻碍了七叶一枝花产业的发展。
七叶一枝花种子质量研究对于提高七叶一枝花种子出苗率和种苗质量都至关重要,项目组经过6年的研究,突破了培育采种健壮母株的关键栽培技术,结合授粉、护果和种子采收成熟等主要指标,获得高产量和优质种子,从而提高种子出苗率和种苗质量[5-6],从根本上解决七叶一枝花种苗来源问题,保护七叶一枝花野生资源,增加农民收入。……
