杨开兴

摘 要：为加大食用木薯新品种的示范推广，丰富漳州市漳浦县薯区品种结构，促进木薯产业的发展。以SC8229、沙田面包、水果木薯、SC1424、SC6068和SC9（CK）食用型品种为材料，在漳州市漳浦县马坪镇进行试验种植，通过对其农艺性状和产质量的观察与测定。结果表明：参试品种适应性好，农艺性状优良;水果木薯、SC6068和SC1424鲜薯产量表现突出，每667 m2产量分别达到4.90、4.20和3.83 t，均比对照增产，增产幅度均达极显著水平;SC6068鲜薯块根干物率含量40.66%，干物率含量比对照高，差异达极显著水平;SC6068块根淀粉含量29.84%，淀粉含量比对照高，差异达极显著水平;SC6068、水果木薯、SC1424和SC9等品种表现出块根产量高或淀粉含量高的优良特性，可在本薯区进一步试验与推广。

关键词：食用型木薯;品种;产量;干物率;淀粉含量

中图分类号：S533 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2020）05-0037-04

Abstract： In order to increase the demonstration and popularization of new varieties of edible cassava， enrich the variety structure in Zhangpu County of Zhangzhou and promote the development of cassava industry， the edible varieties of SC8229， Shatian bread， fruit cassava， SC1424， SC6068 and SC9 （CK） were planted in Maping Town of Zhangpu County in Zhangzhou， and their agronomic characters and yield and quality were observed and measured. The results showed that the tested varieties had good adaptability and good agronomic characters. The fresh cassava yield of fruit cassava， SC6068 and SC1424 was outstanding， with the yield per 667 m2 reaching 4.90， 4.20 and 3.83 t， respectively， which were all higher than that of the control group， with the yield increasing rate reaching extremely significant level. The dry matter ratio of SC6068 tuberous root was 40.66%， which was higher than that of the control group， with the difference reached an extremely significant level. The starch content of SC6068 tuberous root was 29.84%， which was higher than that of the control group， with a significant difference. The varieties of SC6068， fruit cassava， SC1424， and SC9 showed good characteristics with high yield of tuberous root or high starch content， which could be further tested and popularized in the region.

Key words： Edible cassava; Varieties; Yield; Dry matter ratio; Starch content

木薯Manihot Esculenta Crantz又稱木番薯、树薯，属大戟科木薯属植物，为世界三大薯类之一，在我国的海南、广西、云南、福建等省区广泛种植，木薯耐旱、耐瘠、适应性强，淀粉含量高且产量高，享有“淀粉之王”和“能源生物”的美誉，在食品、饲料、化工、能源领域都有广泛的应用[1-4]。漳浦县马坪镇位于福建省南部沿海，属南亚热带海洋性季风气候区，一年四季常青，全年基本无霜，年均气温21℃，年降水量1200～1500 mm，雨季集中4月至9月，旱湿季明显，非常适宜木薯的种植与生长。马坪镇一直有种植木薯的习惯，在逢年过节，当地百姓也有利用木薯粉与糯米粉为原料加工成米粿，是传统餐桌上一道必不可少的美味佳肴。

但是，受食用木薯会中毒不宜多吃的观念及农业种植结构调整的影响，木薯种植面积逐年下降，米粿等传统小吃也被其他食品所替代。……