苏海兰 郑梅霞 方少忠 陈宏 朱育菁 单寄坪

摘 要：明确七叶一枝花种子采收期和质量对出苗率的影响，为七叶一枝花的科学采种和种子前处理提供理论基础。以种子的萌发率和出苗率为指标，分别比较不同采收时间、果实成熟期和种子大小对出苗率的影响。结果表明：11月份采集成熟果实，去掉种皮过筛后的大種子，出苗率最高，为（88.7±3.5）%;七叶一枝花种子的最佳采收期为11月份果实裂开后外果皮为黄色时（果实成熟中期），种子出苗率较高，为（86.7±4.6）%;七叶一枝花大种子纵径为（4.21～5.32 mm）、横径为（2.36～3.12 mm）的出苗率显著高于小种子纵径为（2.58～3.96 mm）、横径为（1.47～2.03 mm），出苗率为（86.8±4.37）%。综合考虑，对福建省七叶一枝花种子的采收期建议为11月份时果实成熟中后期，果实开裂且果皮自然成熟呈黄色时即可采收。

关键词：七叶一枝花;采收期;种子;萌发率;出苗率

中图分类号：S567 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2020）05-0062-04

Abstract： The effect of the harvesting time and quality of Paris polyphylla seed on the seeding emergence rate was clarified in this paper， in order to provide theoretical basis for the scientific seed collection and seed pretreatment of Paris polyphylla. By taking the germination rate and emergence rate of seeds as the indicators， the effects of different harvesting time， fruit mature period and seed size on the seeding emergence rate were compared. The results showed that when the ripe fruits were collected in November， the seedling emergence rate was the highest， being （88.7±3.5）% after removing the seed coat and sieving the large seeds. The best harvest time for the seed of Paris polyphylla was in November when the outer pericarp was yellow （at the middle stage of fruit ripening）， and the seeding emergence rate was higher， being （86.7±4.6） %. The seedling emergence rate of the large seed with longitudinal diameter of （4.21-5.32 mm） and transverse diameter of （2.36-3.12 mm） was significantly higher than that of the small seed with longitudinal diameter of （2.58-3.96 mm） and transverse diameter of （1.47-2.03 mm）， and the seedling emergence rate was （86.8±4.37）%. Through comprehensive consideration， it was recommended to harvest the seeds of Paris polyphylla in Fujian at the middle and late stage of fruit ripening in November， when the fruit was cracked and the pericarp was naturally yellow.

Key words： Paris polyphylla; Harvesting time; Seed; Germination rate; Seedling emergence rate

七叶一枝花Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis Franch.Hara为百合科重楼属多年生草本植物，具有清热解毒和消肿止痛等功效[1]。野生资源匮乏，引起研究者对其人工栽培技术进行研究[2]，而种苗繁育为发展人工栽培的基本条件，七叶一枝花的繁殖方式有种子繁育和块茎繁育[3-4]。目前，种子繁殖是最适于进行规模化和标准化生产的七叶一枝花育苗方式[5]。七叶一枝花种子外种皮肉质多汁，在福建省6月份开始外种皮即为红色，蒴果在8月份就开始部分开裂，露出红色种子，七叶一枝花种子大多在9月份下旬部分成熟。对于种子采收标准常规描述为果开裂后种皮变红即可采收。……