李金贵

摘 要：德化县紫山药栽培普遍用山药块茎作为种薯，种薯的质量优劣直接影响后期紫山药块茎的品质和产量。为了更好地推广紫山药高产栽培技术，在德化县开展了种薯不同部位对紫山药后期植株生长性状及产量的影响研究。结果表明：紫山药采用越靠近顶端部位块茎种薯种植与其他部位种薯种植相比，其植株发芽期早8～20 d，出苗期早10～22 d，其叶长、叶宽分别大0.2～1.4 cm和0.1～0.7 cm，块茎长度长3.5～8.5 cm，块茎直茎大0.1～0.6 cm，块茎重量及每667 m2产量显著高于其他部位7.06%～25.42%和7.05%～25.39%。综合以上分析表明紫山药采用越靠近顶端部位块茎种薯种植的植株发芽和出苗时间早、生长势强、产量高。因此，紫山药生产上可采用离顶端最近的块茎部位作为种薯进行种植，块茎种薯重以120 g为宜。

关键词：紫山药;种薯;不同部位;农艺性状;产量

中图分类号：S53 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2020）05-0027-03

Abstract： The yam tubers were widely used as the seed potatoes in the cultivation of purple yam in Dehua County， and the quality of seed potatoes could directly affect the quality and yield of purple yam tubers at the latter stage. In order to popularize the high-yield cultivation technologies of purple yam， the effects of different parts of seed potatoes on the plant growth characters and yield of purple yam at the latter stage were studied in Dehua County. The results showed that the purple yam planted with the tubers closer to the top as seed potatoes compared with other parts， the germination period of plant was 8-20 days earlier， the seedling emergence stage was 10-22 days earlier， and the length and width of leaves were respectively increased by 0.2-1.4 cm and 0.1-0.7 cm， as well as the tuber length was 3.5-8.5 cm， the tuber diameter was 0.1-0.6 cm， and the tuber weight and yield per 667 m2 were significantly higher than that of other parts （7.06%-25.42% and 7.05%-25.39%）. Based on the above analysis， the purple yam planted with the tubers closer to the top as seed potatoes showed early germination and emergence time， strong growth potential and high yield. Therefore， in the production of purple yam， the tubers nearest to the top could be used as the seed potatoes for planting， and the weight of tuber seed potato should be 120 g.

Key words： Purple yam; Seed potatoes; Different parts; Agronomic characters; Yield

山藥为薯蓣科、薯蓣属植物，一年生或多年生缠绕性藤本植物[1-5]。紫山药俗称“紫人参”，又名参薯，块茎肉色紫红色，富含花青素、多糖、蛋白质、淀粉、氨基酸、皂苷、果胶、胆甾醇、尿囊素、胆碱、山药素等营养成分[6-9]。紫山药块茎大多为柱形或长纺锤形，也有少数呈脚板扁薯状，紫山药较白色山药相比含有更多的微量元素、维生素、多糖、黏液质、蛋白质、淀粉、多种氨基酸、矿物元素等多种功能性成分，新鲜紫山药中含有丰富的花青素，花青素是一类广泛存在于高等植物的多羟基酚类物质，不但具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、消炎、改善视力和保护心血管等作用，还可以作为天然的食用色素。……