康玉妹 薛珠政 刘建汀

摘 要：筛选丝瓜优良新品系，进而培育新的丝瓜品种。聚类分析18个丝瓜新组合主要农艺性状;利用基于总酚的褐变度分级标准分析新组合的褐变等级，并进行营养成分分析。试验结果表明：18个丝瓜组合第一雌花节位8.0～11.5节，早熟、生长势强、瓜面粗、细瘤、瓜皮浅绿色。C2、C3、C4、C9组合短圆筒形，瓜长21.8～35.4 cm，瓜径4.5～7.2 cm，单瓜重500～550 g。C1、C2、C3、C5、C7、C11产量分别比对照农福801增加13.03%、11.56%、11.58%、20.61%、17.76%、22.08%。18个丝瓜新组合褐变度2.6～8.0，营养成分与对照农福801相当。C2、C3、C4、C9组合褐变度低、品质佳、肉质紧实、抗逆性强、抗病性较好。4个新组合综合性状表现良好，农艺性状符合育种目标，分别为C2、C3、C4、C9，可供进一步示范推广。

关键词：丝瓜;新组合;农艺性状;聚类分析;褐变度

中图分类号：S642.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2020）05-0020-07

Abstract： The fine new strains of luffa were screened， in order to cultivate the new varieties of luffa. The main agronomic characters of 18 new combinations of luffa were analyzed by clustering， and the browning grade of the new combination was analyzed by using the grading standard of browning degree based on the total phenols， and then the nutritional components were analyzed. The results showed that the first female flower nodes of the 18 combinations of luffa were 8.0-11.5 nodes， with early maturity， strong growth potential， thick surface， fine tumor and light green peel. And the combinations of C2， C3， C4 and C9 were short cylindrical， with the fruit length of 21.8-35.4 cm， fruit diameter of 4.5-7.2 cm， and fruit weight of 500-550 g. The yield of C1， C2， C3， C5， C7 and C11 respectively increased by 13.03%， 11.56%， 11.58%， 20.61%， 17.76% and 22.08%， compared with the control group Nongfu 801. The browning degree of the 18 new combinations of luffa was 2.6-8.0， and the nutritional components were similar to that of the control group Nongfu 801. The combination of C2， C3， C4 and C9 had low browning degree， good quality， firm texture， strong stress resistance and good disease resistance. The four new combinations showed good comprehensive characters， and the agronomic characters were in line with the breeding objective， namely C2， C3， C4 and C9， which could be further demonstrated and popularized.

Key words： Luffa; New combination; Agronomic characters; Clustering analysis; Browning degree

丝瓜Luffa cylindrica原产印度或亚洲南部热带地区，为葫芦科丝瓜属一年生攀缘性藤本植物，分为有棱丝瓜和普通丝瓜两种。丝瓜具有较高的食用价值和经济价值，营养丰富，适于在炎热季节栽培，对丰富淡季蔬菜供应起着重要作用，是夏季主要蔬菜品种之一[1-2]。丝瓜作为一种药膳兼用及高温季节市场供应蔬菜，其性凉、味甘，深受人们喜爱[1]。丝瓜含有皂苷、生物碱类、黄酮类、固醇类、糖苷类等多种有效成分，具有抗真菌、抗细菌、消炎、清热解毒、凉血等作用[2-3]。我国研究者从20世纪60年代起开始丝瓜育种、杂种优势及遗传特性等方面的研究，取得了一定进展，培育了一批优良新品种[4-17]。王成等[18]利用沸水水浴处理进行褐变指数的计算，并将丝瓜褐变等级划分为5级。……