于婷婷 陈江华 丰志华 张扬帆 林章

摘 要：非洲猪瘟（African Swine Fever，ASF）源于非洲猪瘟病毒（African Swine Fever Virus，ASFV）感染所引起的烈性传染病，主要是以蜱和野猪为天然宿主。ASFV感染能够导致家猪及野猪直接死亡，死亡率近乎100%。目前在非洲、欧洲、亚洲等地区均出现大面积爆发，却尚未出现对该病毒进行预防的商业化疫苗。因此，需要对病毒基因组信息有更深入的了解。通过对不同地区发生的ASFV全基因组进行多序列比对、系统进化树构建、保守区域检测等，获得与ASFV毒力、进化等相关的基因片段，并研究这些基因片段在不同区域的病毒株中的关系。结果表明： Ⅶ与Ⅱ基因型相比较，后者出现很多大片段基因序列的增加，这些增加的片段主要出现在V110、360、505/530多基因家族中。其中，对多基因家族中MGF 505/5307R、MGF 3601L基因研究分析表明，不同基因型之间由于这些基因的差异影响巨噬细胞的存活能力、病毒复制强弱与病毒变异和进化有关，结果为研究病毒进化及未来病毒疫苗研发提供新的方向。

关键词：非洲猪瘟病毒;全基因组序列;系统生物学;病毒进化

中图分类号：S852.651 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2020）05-0012-08

Abstract： African Swine Fever （ASF） is a severe infectious disease caused by the African Swine Fever Virus （ASFV）. The ticks and wild boars are the main natural hosts. The infection of ASFV can cause the direct death of domestic pigs and wild boars， with the death rate of nearly 100%. At present， the widespread outbreaks have occurred in Africa， Europe and Asia， but there was no commercial vaccine to prevent the virus. Therefore， a deeper understanding of viral genomic information was required. Through the multi-sequence alignment， the construction of phylogenetic tree， the detection of conserved region of ASFV whole genomes occurring in different regions， the gene fragments related to the virulence and evolution of ASFV were obtained， and then the relationship between these gene fragments in virus strains from different regions was also studied. The results showed that compared with the genotype Ⅶ， the genotype Ⅱ showed many increases in large fragment of gene sequence， most of which were found in the multigene family of V110， 360 and 505/530. Among them， the analysis of MGF 505/5307R and MGF 3601L genes in the multigene family showed that the differences of these genes among different genotypes would affect the survival ability of macrophages and the strength of virus replication was related to the variation and evolution of viruses. The results provided a new direction for the study of the evolution of viruses and the development of virus vaccines in the future.

Key words： African Swine Fever Virus; Whole genome sequence; Systematic biology; Viral evolution

非洲豬瘟病毒（African Swine Fever virus，ASFV）是一种大型多囊膜结构的DNA病毒，主要感染猪单核细胞和巨噬细胞，并在细胞核周围离散的病毒工厂内进行复制[1]。该病毒基因组为170～190 kbp的线性双链DNA分子，编码150多种多肽[2-3]。结构上内部由脂质膜将基因组核心包裹，外部由二十面体蛋白衣壳和外部脂质膜组成[1]。其中内部脂质膜由内质网的膜碎片组成，外部脂质膜是由病毒胞吐期间在质膜上发芽形成[4]。……