一种新的水稻种植技术及其装备设计
2020-12-21朱铮涛张彬刘德桃陈益民黎勉
朱铮涛 张彬 刘德桃 陈益民 黎勉



摘要 针对传统水稻生产中存在的问题,提出了一种新的水稻种植方法,在工厂将优选的水稻种子按照实际种植间距播种到专用的纸膜上,形成水稻种子膜,水稻种植窗口期利用专用的铺膜机将水稻种子膜铺设到田间。该技术具有防草、有效利用秸秆、设备利用率高、改善田间通风环境、节省种子、用高精度机械设备实现精准播种等特点。围绕这一新方法,对生产种子膜的设备进行了研究,完成了送膜机构、供土机构、点种机构、喷胶机构和覆膜机构的原理性设计。原理样机的实验室研究和种子膜的田间试种,证实了水稻种子膜技术的可行性。
关键词 水稻种植;水稻种子膜;点种;喷胶;覆膜
中图分类号 S511文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2020)22-0206-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.22.055
A New Rice Planting Technology and Its Equipment Design
ZHU Zheng-tao1, ZHANG Bin2,LIU De-tao3 et al
(1.Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006; 2.Rice Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640; 3.South China University of Technology,Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640)
Abstract In view of the problems existing in traditional rice production, a new rice planting method was proposed, in which the optimized rice seeds were sown on a special paper according to the actual planting spacing in the factory to form a rice seed membrane. During the rice planting window period, the rice seed membrane was laid in the field by a special membrane-laying machine. The technology had the characteristics of grass control, effective use of straw,high equipment utilization rate, improving field ventilation environment, saving seeds, realizing accurate sowing with high-precision mechanical equipment and so on.Centering on this new method, this paper made a related research on the equipment for producing seed membrane, and completed the principle design of membrane feeding mechanism,soil supply mechanism,dibbling mechanism, glue spraying mechanism and membrane mulching mechanism. The laboratory study of the principle prototype and the field trial of seed membrane proved the feasibility of rice seed membrane technology.
Key words Rice planting;Rice seed membrane;Dibbling;Glue spraying;Membrane mulching
作者簡介 朱铮涛(1967—),男,江苏启东人,副教授,博士,从事视觉检测技术和水稻种植机械研究。
收稿日期 2020-01-04
目前,传统水稻种植方式仍然以直播、插秧以及抛秧为主。水稻直播中的旱直播与水直播都可以采用机械化方式。插秧和抛秧可以采用手工及机械两种技术[1]。我国水稻种植区域广,但种植面积小且相对分散,水稻种植窗口期短,我国水稻用机械设备利用率低且使用面积远远小于发达国家。水稻机械化种植水平较高的国家有美国、澳大利亚、日本、意大利和韩国等[2]。美国是最早实现水稻机械化种植的国家之一,目前已实现100%的水稻机械化直播。20世纪90年代,日本开发了很多种水、旱直播机,近些年又开发了环保型直播机,利用废报纸、旧报纸(或再生纸膜)作为覆盖膜[3],帮助遮挡直射阳光,防止水分蒸发,保水保墒,减缓杂草生长,之后纸膜逐渐分解融入土壤。……
