胡中常 罗华 伍世民 罗瑾 宁丽平 王汕

摘 要：2010—2019年，以灰毡毛忍冬良种“金翠蕾”为试验品种，对5种方式繁育的组培苗、组培苗母本扦插苗、普通母本扦插苗、根砧嫁接苗、实生苗砧嫁接苗在不同海拔的样地进行了适应性研究。结果表明：在抗寒性方面，组培苗表现最差，组培苗母本扦插苗与实生苗砧嫁接苗最好;在抗病性方面，组培苗最好，根砧嫁接苗最差;在丰产性方面，组培母本扦插苗最好，根砧嫁接苗最差。综合来看，组培苗适合低海拔地区种植，实生苗砧嫁接苗适合高海拔地区种植，以组培苗母本扦插苗适应性最好。

关键词：灰毡毛忍冬;种苗;不同海拔;适应性

中图分类号：S567.1 文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2020）10-0036-06

Abstract： From 2010 to 2019， using a Lonicera macranthoides Hand-Mazz variety Jincuilei as the test material， adaptabilities of its tissue culture seedlings， female parent cuttings of tissue culture seedlings， common female parent cuttings， rootstock grafted seedlings and grafted seedlings with seedling stocks （bred in 5 kinds of propogation methods） were studied at different altitudes. The results showed that in the aspect of cold resistance， tissue culture seedlings were the worst， female parent cuttings of tissue culture seedlings and grafted seedlings with seedling stocks  were the best; in terms of disease resistance， tissue culture seedlings were the best， rootstock grafted seedlings were the worst; in terms of high yield， female parent cuttings of tissue culture seedlings were the best， rootstock grafted seedlings were the worst.  Generally， tissue culture seedlings are suitable for low-altitude areas， grafted seedlings with seedling stocks are suitable for high-altitude areas. In short， female parent cuttings of tissue culture seedlings have the best adaptability.

Key words： Lonicera macranthoides Hand-Mazz; seedlings; different altitudes; adaptability

灰氈毛忍冬（Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz）又名大叶金银花、拟大花忍冬、山银花等，为多年生半常绿木质藤本植物，药食同源，是一种重要中药材。因该品种具有绿原酸含量高、单位面积产量高、经济效益好、易于管理等特点，近30 a来得到迅速发展。到2019年止，湖南省隆回县灰毡毛忍冬栽植面积已达1.5万hm2，年产干花1.2万t以上，年产值近10亿元。据统计，目前整个武陵山片区约有1 300万农民种植灰毡毛忍冬，灰毡毛忍冬年产值近200亿元。隆回县每年繁育灰毡毛忍冬种苗约6 000万株，灰毡毛忍冬种植区约90%的种苗由隆回县提供。目前，种苗繁育的主要方式有5种：组培苗、组培苗母本扦插苗、普通母本扦插苗、根砧嫁接苗、实生苗砧嫁接苗。其中根砧嫁接苗数量最多，每年约3 000万株，组培苗数量最少，每年约200万株。在灰毡毛忍冬产业发展过程中，因种苗类型选择不当导致失败的事例很多。……