王宇霖 罗惠莉 周静如 贺晓美

摘 要：以2种不同剂型丁草胺（乳油和水乳剂）为材料，通过土培盆栽试验模拟田间种植水稻，研究了不同浓度丁草胺对土壤中镉有效态、水稻生长量及水稻植株吸收镉的影响，旨在明确丁草胺在水稻及土壤镉吸收富集过程中的作用。结果表明：丁草胺的施加可促进土壤镉的有效性，其中施加2、4、6 mg/kg的丁草胺后，土壤有效态镉含量分别比未施加丁草胺的对照（CK2）增加33.14%、39.00%、65.50%，尤其是丁草胺浓度为6 mg/kg时，土壤有效态镉含量达到峰值（0.49 mg/kg），若施加浓度超过6 mg/kg丁草胺对土壤有效态镉的促进作用会减弱;施加丁草胺可抑制水稻生长，且施加浓度越高抑制作用越明显，当施加10 mg/kg丁草胺乳油时，水稻的根长、株高、叶绿素含量分别比CK2低69.55%、61.63%、41.26%;施加丁草胺对水稻镉吸收有促进作用，且使水稻吸收的镉大多积累在根部，而随丁草胺浓度的增加水稻地下部分镉积累的增长速度明显快于地上部分，但丁草胺也能促进水稻糙米对镉的积累，且施加浓度越高促进效果越明显;2种剂型中，乳油型丁草胺的上述作用均强于水乳剂。

关键词：丁草胺;土壤;水稻;镉;吸收富集

中图分类号：X53文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2020）10-0062-05

Abstract：Two different formulations of butachlor （EC and EW） were used as materials to study the effects of butachlor on soil available cadmium， rice growth and cadmium uptake by rice plants through pot experiment in soil culture. The results showed that butachlor could promote the availability of soil cadmium; the content of available cadmium in soil increased by 33.14%， 39.00% and 65.50% respectively when butachlor was applied at 2， 4 and 6 mg/kg compared with the control without butachlor （CK2）. When butachlor was applied at 6 mg/kg， the content of soil available cadmium reached the peak value （0.49 mg/kg）. If the concentration of butachlor was more than 6 mg/kg， the promoting effect of butachlor on soil available cadmium would be weakened. Butachlor could inhibit the growth of rice， and the higher the concentration of butachlor， the more obvious the inhibition effect. When butachlor was applied at 10 mg/kg， the root length， plant height and chlorophyll content of rice decreased by 69.55%， 61.63% and 41.26%， respectively compared with CK2. Butachlor promoted the cadmium uptake of rice， and most of the cadmium absorbed by rice was accumulated in the root. With the increase of butachlor concentration， the growth rate of cadmium accumulation in underground part of rice was significantly faster than that in aboveground part. Butachlor also promoted the accumulation of cadmium in brown rice， and the higher the concentration， the more obvious the promotion effect. Among the two formulations， butachlor EC showed stronger effects than EW.

Key words： butachlor; soil; rice; cadmium; uptake and accumulation

土壤是环境乃至整个生态系统的必要成分，为植物、动物和微生物提供了栖息场所，也是人类农业生产的基础。随着经济迅速发展，环境中大约90%的污染物会进入土壤环境，从而造成严重污染[1]。重金属污染具有持久性、毒性和生物富集作用，由此引起的环境污染对生物和人类健康均会造成严重的危害[2-4]。……