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?饲料价格对生鲜乳价格的传导效应研究

2020-12-21崔力航

湖南农业科学 2020年10期

崔力航

摘 要:饲料价格是影响生鲜乳价格的主要因素,基于2010年1月—2019年12月中国28个省(直辖市、自治区)生鲜乳价格、玉米价格和豆粕价格的面板数据,将原料奶生产区域划分为优势区(北京、天津、上海、河北、山西、内蒙古、黑龙江7个省)和非优势区(其他省市区)并分别构建面板向量自回归模型分析饲料价格对生鲜乳价格的传导效应。结果表明:优势区和非优势区饲料价格对生鲜乳价格的传导效应大体相同,但影响程度存在差异;玉米价格和豆粕价格对生鲜乳价格存在滞后一期的正向传导效应。针对研究结论,提出加强宏观調控,完善价格预警和干预机制;提高玉米、豆粕等饲料供给能力,稳定饲料价格;优化奶牛饲料配比,提高饲料转化率的建议。

关键词:饲料价格;生鲜乳价格;传导效应;面板向量自回归模型

中图分类号:F326.3文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-060X(2020)10-0109-04

Abstract: Feed price is the main factor affecting the price of fresh milk. Based on the panel data of fresh milk price, corn price and soybean meal price of 28 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from January 2010 to December 2019, raw milk production regions were divided into dominant regions (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang) and non dominant regions (other provinces), the panel vector autoregressive model was constructed to analyze the conduction effect of feed price on the price of fresh milk. The results showed that: the conduction effect of feed price on the price of fresh milk was similar in the dominant and non dominant areas, but the influence degree was different; corn and soybean meal prices had a lag positive conduction effect on fresh milk price. According to the research conclusions, some suggestions were put forward, such as strengthening macro-control, improving price warning and intervention mechanism, improving the supply capacity of corn and soybean meal, stabilizing feed price, optimizing feed ratio of dairy cows and improving feed conversion rate.

Key words: feed price; fresh milk price; conduction effect; panel vector autoregressive model

目前,中国奶业处于“后三聚氰胺”时代。一方面,“三聚氰胺事件”对消费者信心的打击仍在延续,部分消费者仍偏爱选择进口乳制品;另一方面,中国—新西兰、中国—澳大利亚自由贸易区的建立使得大量低价大包粉涌入中国市场,对国内原料奶市场形成较大冲击。在此背景下,生鲜乳价格剧烈波动,各地“倒奶杀牛”事件频发,奶农利益严重受损[1]。同时,中国生鲜乳价格普遍高于奶业发达国家,失去国际市场竞争力[2]。生鲜乳价格的频繁剧烈波动和持续走高,不仅直接影响着百万奶农的生计,还不利于中国奶业健康发展。……

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