刘灿玉 樊继德 陆信娟 赵永强 张碧薇 臧凤满 杨峰

摘 要：为丰富徐州地区优质高产结球甘蓝的品种资源，引进示范了28个结球甘蓝品种，并通过调查其农艺性状及叶球特征特性进行品种筛选试验。结果表明：28个品种农艺性状主要区别在于叶球形状，而外叶形状主要以宽倒卵圆形和圆形为主，株高、开展度等农艺性状仅324和327品种显著高于其他品种;品种间叶球特征差异较大，单球重在0.42～0.89 kg，产量在1 160.87～3 601.06 kg/667m2。综合分析，在28个甘蓝品种中，353、356、364及154的叶球紧实，结球率高，产量高，但356和154易裂球，影响其商品性，而353品种耐裂球，综合性状表现较优，适宜徐州本地种植，364品种综合表现次之，亦可作为潜在的引进品种资源。

关键词：结球甘蓝;农艺性状;叶球特征;品种筛选;徐州地区

中圖分类号：S635.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2020）10-0021-03

Abstract： In order to enrich the variety resources of high quality and high yield heading cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata） in Xuzhou area， 28 cabbage varieties were introduced to demonstration cultivation， and their agronomic traits and leafy head characteristics were investigated for variety screening test. The results showed that the main difference of agronomic traits among the 28 varieties was the leafy head shape， while the outer leaf was mainly wide-obovate or round shape. Only the varieties 324 and 327 were significantly higher than other varieties in plant height and expansion degree. There were significant differences in leafy head characteristics among these varieties. The weight of single leafy head ranged from 0.42 kg to 0.89 kg， and the yield ranged from 17 413.05 kg/hm2 to 54 015.9 kg/hm2. Comprehensive analyses show that among the 28 cabbage varieties， 353， 356， 364 and 154 have compact leafy heads， high heading rates and high yields， but 356 and 154 are easy to crack， which may affect their commercial property; 353 is resistant to cracking and of better comprehensive characters， suitable for local planting in Xuzhou， followed by 364 which could be a potential variety resource to be introduced.

Key words： cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata）; agronomic traits; leafy head characteristics; variety selection; Xuzhou area

结球甘蓝（Brassica oleracea var. capitata）又名圆白菜、包菜、卷心菜等，为十字花科芸薹属的一个变种[1]，其作为我国主要蔬菜作物之一，在全国各地普遍种植，在蔬菜周年供应和出口贸易中均占有重要地位[2]，尤其是秋甘蓝对补充淡季蔬菜供应，增加市场蔬菜种类具有重要意义。徐州市位于华北平原东南部，以平原为主，为筛选出适宜徐州当地种植的优质高产甘蓝品种，丰富徐州地区结球甘蓝的品种资源，特引进28个结球甘蓝品种进行比较试验，调查其农艺性状，分析其综合性状，以期为甘蓝新品种的推广应用提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计

试验在徐州农业科学研究所试验示范基地进行。……