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?西藏地区油菜新品种(系)比较试验

2020-12-21赵彩霞

湖南农业科学 2020年10期

摘 要:为筛选出适宜在西藏河谷农区种植的油菜新品种,2018—2019年度,对10个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)和2个白菜型油菜品种(系)的生育期、农艺性状和产量进行评价和分析。结果表明:西藏自治区农业研究所提供的126097-2全生育期151 d,株高151.6 cm,分枝数5.0个,角果密度1.48个/cm,单株角果数215.4个,每果粒数24.0个,千粒重4.12 g,单株产量13.26 g,折合产量为2 682.90 kg/hm2,比对照增产13.95%,田间长势整齐一致;日喀则市农业科学研究所提供的04306全生育期151 d,株高161.7 cm,分枝数5.1个,角果密度1.27个/cm,单株角果数229.9个,每果粒数26.0个,千粒重3.94 g,单株产量13.19 g,折合产量为2 640.75 kg/hm2,比对照增产12.15%,田间长势好。这2个品种油菜适宜在西藏河谷农区种植。

关键词:油菜;新品种;比较试验;西藏

中图分类号:S565.4文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-060X(2020)10-0017-04

Abstract: To screen out new rape varieties suitable for planting in the river valley of Tibet, the growth periods, agronomic traits and yields of 10 Brassica napus varieties (lines) and 2 Brassica rapa varieties (lines) were evaluated and analyzed in 2018-2019. The results showed that 126097-2 had a 151 d whole growth duration, 151.6 cm plant height, 5.0 branch number, 1.48 /cm silique density, 215.4 siliques per plant, 24.0 seeds per silique, 4.12 g 1000-grain weight, 13.26 g yield per plant (equivalent to 2 682.90 kg/hm2 with an increase of 13.95% over the control), and uniform field growth; 04306 had a 151 d whole growth duration, 161.7 cm plant height, 5.1 branch number, 1.27/cm silique density, 229.9 siliques per plant, 26.0 seeds per silique, 3.94 g 1000-grain weight, 13.19 g yield per plant (equivalent to 2 640.75 kg/hm2 with an increase of 12.15% over the control), and good field growth. These two rape varieties are suitable for the agricultural area of the river valley of Tibet.

Key words: rape; new variety; comparative experiment; Tibet

西藏是典型的高海拔低緯度地区,油菜生境复杂多样,遗传资源丰富而独特[1-2]。油菜作为西藏自治区主要油料作物,种植面积约有3.2万hm2,主要集中在西藏河谷农区。目前西藏地区食用油仍供不应求,无法自给自足[3]。随着西藏地区种植业结构的调整,油菜生产在全区得到了高度重视,油菜播种面积逐年增加,优质油菜推广力度不断加大[4-6],但从全区总体水平看油菜主栽品种仍以农家品种和部分退化严重的良种为主,生产栽培技术落后,单位面积产量不高。为了筛选出适宜该区种植的油菜新品种,笔者在2018—2019年度对拉萨、山南、林芝和日喀则提供的10个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)和2个白菜型油菜品种(系)进行综合分析与评价,从中筛选出适应性强、抗性好、产量高的油菜新品种(系)提供给西藏河谷农区种植,同时为油菜新品种的登记提供参考依据。……

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