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剑桥大学本科生研究性教学体系的构成、特征及启示

2020-10-28易红郡张燕

易红郡 张燕

[摘 要]剑桥大学本科教育实行的是名副其实的研究性教学。基于剑桥大学的本科生章程(2020),分析其教学体系的构成可发现,剑桥大学本科教学是由导师制、“习明纳”、学术讲座及实践活动等有机融合而成的研究性教学,它既强调“教”与“学”统一,又重视“教”与“研”结合。借鉴剑桥大学本科生研究性教学的经验,我国高校可因地制宜进一步完善本科生教学体系,如健全本科生导师制,开展研究性教学,加强本科生的科研训练,推动我国本科教育向内涵式发展等,以提升本科教育的质量。

[关键词]剑桥大学;本科教育;研究性教学

[中图分类号]G640 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372(2020)03-0100-06

Abstract:The undergraduate education at University of Cambridge is truly research-oriented. Based on the undergraduate constitution of University of Cambridge in 2020 and the composition of its teaching system, it can be found that undergraduate teaching in University of Cambridge is a research-oriented teaching organically integrated with tutorial system, “learning”, academic lectures and practical activities. It not only emphasizes the unification of “teaching” and “learning”, but also attaches importance to the combination of “teaching” and “research”. Drawing on the experience of research teaching of undergraduates in University of Cambridge, Chinese universities can further improve the teaching system of undergraduates according to local conditions, such as perfecting the tutorial system of undergraduates, carrying out research teaching, strengthening the scientific research training of undergraduates, and promoting the connotative development of undergraduate education in China, so as to improve the quality of undergraduate education.

Key words:University of Cambridge; undergraduate education; research-oriented teaching

英国学者阿什比指出:“大學教育的试金石不是讲授伟大真理,而是用什么高明的方法来讲授伟大的真理。所以,讲授什么不及如何讲授更重要。”[1]教学是课程实施的重要手段,它在一定程度上决定了人才培养的质量。据 2017年英国教学卓越框架(TEF)第二轮评估的结果显示,剑桥学子对本科教学的满意度达到 91.8%[2]。剑桥大学本科生的学习周期是以年为单位,每学年由 3个学期组成,而每个学期为 8周,所以一学年的教学周期共计 24周[3]。相比我国而言,剑桥大学本科生教学周期较短。如何利用较为短暂的周期实现高质量的本科教学,这与剑桥大学完备的研究性教学体系密不可分。

一、剑桥大学本科生研究性教学体系的构成

研究性教学是指在教师的指导下学生自主学习、自主实践的教学,旨在培养学生的探究能力、思维能力及创新能力[4]。……

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