清代大理西云书院的历史与特色
2020-10-21张玉婷
摘 要 由清代提督杨玉科宅邸改建而成的西云书院,清代以来即为滇西著名学堂。该书院初建本是清政府对迤西地区的文教传播手段,后弦歌不辍,培养了不少学者人才;院内教学管理严格有序,具体涉及到人事管理、经费管理、师生交往和教学管理等多个方面。而该书院也作为白族文化的缩影和地区人才培养的平台,见证了清代白族地区的教育。
关键词 清代 西云书院 历史 特色
中图分类号 K251 文献标识码 A 收稿日期 2019-10-10
★作者简介:张玉婷,云南师范大学教育学部,教育史硕士研究生,研究方向为高等教育史。
Abstract Xiyun Academy was rebuilt from the mansion of Yang Yuke, a governor of Qing Dynasty. It has been a famous school in western Yunnan since Qing Dynasty. The initial establishment of the academy was originally a means of cultural and educational dissemination by the Qing government in the western areas. It continuously trained many scholars and talents. The teaching management of Xiyun Academy was strict and orderly, which involved personnel management, fund management, teacher-student communication and teaching management. Meanwhile, as a miniature of Bai culture and a platform for local talent cultivation, the academy witnessed the education of Bai nationality in Qing Dynasty.
Keyword Qing Dynasty; Xiyun Academy; history; characteristics
西云书院初建于清光绪三年(1877),其创立者杨玉科(1838—1885,兰坪县营盘街白族人)曾任云南提督,是清代著名的少数民族爱国将领[1]。西云书院原为杨玉科宅邸,后改为书院,历经百年洗礼,成为如今坐落在大理古城中轴线的“大理市第一中学”,在白族地区的教育史上具有举足轻重的教育价值和文化历史价值。
一、西云书院的创立与修建
清咸丰、同治年间,以大理回族领袖杜文秀为首的农民反清起义,杨玉科因镇压有功,受清廷赏识,“钦赐黄马褂,头品顶戴,记名提督”,授封“巴图鲁世袭二等男爵。”[2]同治十一年(1872),朝廷收复大理后,令云南巡抚岑毓英组织善后,恢复大理地区的社会稳定和文治教化。多年战乱使得这西陲边疆之地民生未央,大理县城内曾有的苍山书院、崇敬书院、中和书院、敷文书院等皆在战乱中俱废。身为署提督的杨玉科意识到振兴文教对重建当地民风的重要性,于是开始注重教育[3]。……
