张飞 江蓬勃

摘  要：精准扶贫是新时期党和国家的重大战略部署，是开展乡村振兴的前提和基础，也是实现全面小康的关键步骤。精准扶贫是指针对于落后乡村、边远山区的尚未脱贫人口，通过采取不同形式的帮扶措施，增加贫困人口家庭收入，改善贫困人口生活质量。文章以陕西南部山区的重点贫困村——汝河村为例，首先从自然因素、人为因素以及其它因素3方面对汝河村致贫原因作了简要分析，而后对汝河村精准扶贫的具体帮扶措施易地搬迁、文化教育帮扶、产业发展帮扶、消费扶贫等进行了探讨，最后对脱贫攻坚进行了分析与讨论。结果表明：发展产业特别是长期产业是精准扶贫的关键，而采取帮扶措施是为了完成脱贫任务，打赢脱贫攻坚战。总之，精准扶贫、精准脱贫绝不仅仅是单纯帮扶乡村经济的发展，更重要的是使乡村发展具有可持续性。

关键词：精准扶贫;帮扶措施;贫困人口;易地搬迁;产业发展

中图分类号：F320.3    文献标志碼：A    论文编号：cjas20191000207

Abstract： Targeted poverty reduction is a major strategic deployment of CPC and the country in the new era， the premise and basis for rural revitalization， and a key step to achieve a well-off society in all aspects. Targeted poverty reduction is to increase the family income and to improve the life quality of the poverty population by taking different forms of assistance measures for the rural population in the backward villages and remote mountainous areas in China. The paper took Ruhe village， a key poverty-stricken village in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi as an example， firstly analyzed the poverty cause of Ruhe village from three aspects： natural factors， human factors and other factors， then discussed the assistance measures about targeted poverty reduction for Ruhe village， including the relocation， cultural and educational assistance， industry developing assistance， consumption of poverty reduction and so on， and finally explored the ways of poverty alleviation. The results show that industrial development， especially long-term industrial development， is the key to targeted poverty reduction， and taking assistance measures is to complete the task of targeted poverty reduction and to win the battle against poverty. Generally speaking， targeted poverty reduction is not only about helping rural economic development， but also making rural development sustainable.

Keywords： Targeted Poverty Reduction; Assistance Measures; Poverty Population; Relocation; Industrial Development

0  引言

贫困现象是现实生活中难以避免的社会问题，在世界范围内都不可避免地存在，从本质上来说，贫困是一个综合了社会、经济、文化、生态等因素的复杂事物[1]。对于中国现阶段来说，贫困是全面建成小康社会的最大“短板”，而脱贫攻坚是实现第一个百年奋斗目标的重要任务[2]。《中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2011—2020）》提出的总体目标是：到2020年，稳定实现扶贫对象不愁吃、不愁穿，保障其义务教育、基本医疗和住房[3]。……