周鹏宇　刘霄　唐恩应　胡映开　钟绍丽　杨国荣　尹革芬　亐开兴

摘要：为了解目前昆明市奶牛场抗生素使用及残留情况，对来自昆明地区6个奶牛场的鲜牛乳进行调查和抗生素残留检测。根据抗生素的抑菌作用，调查采用戴尔沃快速检测试剂盒（Delvotest SP），对来自昆明市3个规模化奶牛养殖场、3个奶牛养殖合作社共333份奶样进行抗生素残留检测。结果发现，333份生牛乳检样中共检出抗生素残留阳性样品44份，阳性率为13.21%，其中规模化奶牛场奶样36份中的阳性样品数为0，未检出阳性;而奶牛养殖合作社共297份样品，阳性样品44份，阳性率为14.81%;源于昆明市奶牛场的上市牛乳中存在抗生素残留，残留来源以合作社奶牛养殖场为主，表明不同管理模式对抗生素残留有重要影响。

关键词：鲜牛乳;抗生素残留;戴尔沃快速检测;抗生素

中图分类号：S851.2      文献标志码：A    doi：10.16693/j.cnki.1671-9646（X）.2020.02.054

Abstract：In order to investigate the current status of antibiotic usage and residues in the fresh milk from 6 dairy farms in Kunming，the fresh milk samples were subjected to detect the antibiotic residues and educational level of staffs. Based on the antimicrobial activities，333 fresh milk samples from 3 large-scale dairy farms and 3 dairy cooperative farms were carried out to detect antibiotic residues using Delvotest Rapid Detection Kit（Delvotest SP）. The results showed that the 44 of 333 milk samples were positive，with an overall value of 13.21%，while there was 0 of 36 samples without positive detection from the 3 large-scale dairy farms，and 44 of 297 samples from 3 dairy cooperatives were positive with a value of 14.81%. It indicated that there existed antibiotic residues in the dairy farms in Kunming，mainly originated from dairy cooperatives，displaying that the importance of different management models to antibiotic residues.

Key words：fresh milk;antibiotic residues;Delvotest SP;antibiotic

牛奶是营养比较全面、最容易被人体所吸收的食品之一，但近年來牛奶污染事件频发，牛奶制品中的抗生素残留问题也逐渐成为全社会共同关注的公共卫生问题。牛奶抗生素残留是指在对奶牛使用药物治疗后或者以其他方式造成鲜奶的抗生素污染，导致抗生素以药物原型的形式在牛奶中出现。长期饮用含有低剂量抗生素的牛奶对人体的危害是多方面，例如动物机体在反复接触某一类抗生素后，体内的敏感菌株将受到选择性抑制，细菌产生耐药性，使疾病治疗变得困难，也能引起大肠杆菌耐药菌株的产生。……