不同化肥减量模式对水稻农艺性状?产量和经济效益的影响
2020-09-09王莉莉陈俊阳王家宝张兆冬王永露邬刚
王莉莉 陈俊阳 王家宝 张兆冬 王永露 邬刚



摘要 为探索水稻肥料高效施用技术,促进安徽水稻绿色生产。研究了不同化肥减量模式对水稻农艺性状、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,在减少化学肥料用量的基础上,施用控失肥料显著增加水稻产量。与农户习惯施肥(T2)相比,控失肥处理(T3、T4、T5)的水稻產量分别增加了7.91%、9.31%和10.32%,增产原因主要是穗数的增加,但一次性施用包膜控失肥(T6)下,其产量与农户习惯施肥无显著差异。控失肥处理(T4、T5)的水稻经济效益均高于农户习惯施肥,增幅为10.11%和10.97%。
关键词 化肥减量;水稻;产量;经济效益
中图分类号 S 511文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2020)16-0160-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.16.044
Effects of Different Models of Reducing Fertilizer on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Economic Benefits of Rice
WANG Li-li1,CHEN Jun-yang2, WANG Jia-bao2 et al (1.Soil Fertilizer Workstation of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province,Dingyuan, Anhui 233200;2. Soil Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031)
Abstract In order to explore the efficient fertilizer application technology of rice and promote the green production of rice in Anhui Province,the effects of different models of reducing fertilizer on agronomic traits, yield and economic benefits of rice were studied. The results showed that on the basis of reducing the amount of fertilizer, the application of control loss type compound fertilizer significantly increased rice yield. Compared with farmer custom fertilizer (T2), the rice yield of treatments of applying control loss type compound fertilizer (T3, T4 and T5) increased by 7.91%, 9.31% and 10.32%, which was mainly due to the increase of ear number,but there was no significant difference between the farmer custom fertilizer and one time application technique (T6). The economic benefits of T4 and T5 treatments were higher than that of farmer custom fertilizer, with an increase of 10.11% and 10.97%.
Key words Reducing fertilizer;Rice;Yield;Economic benefits
基金项目 国家重点研发计划项目“江淮丘陵灾害多发区稻-麦两熟丰产提质增效技术集成与模式优化”(2018YFD0300903)。
作者简介 王莉莉(1974—),女,安徽太和人,农艺师,从事农业技术推广工作。*通信作者,助理研究员,硕士,从事农田养分综合管理研究。
收稿日期 2020-03-06
化肥作为农业生产中的基础物质,对保障粮食生产安全具有重要作用,但长期的化肥滥施对我国造成了农业、环境、资源等方面的社会性问题。降低化肥使用量、提高化肥利用率等农业提质增效行动是中央和各地政府工作的重中之重。水稻是安徽省优势粮食作物之一,常年种植面积220万hm2,居全国第5位[1],因此开展水稻化肥减施技术的研究对安徽省水稻绿色发展具有重要意义。控失肥由传统化肥添加一定比例控失剂改良而成一种新型高效环保肥料[2-3],其在农作物减肥增效上表现出较好的效果[4-6],但控失剂通过混合、包膜2种不同的添加方式生产的肥料在水稻生产中的效果对比研究鲜见报道。……
