膝骨关节炎危险因素研究
2020-09-06蒋磊苏程葛军李宁夏美燕程新保
蒋磊 苏程 葛军 李宁 夏美燕 程新保
摘要：膝骨关节炎是最常见的关节炎类型之一，临床表现主要为膝关节疼痛，活动功能受限，严重者出现膝关节内、外翻畸形和行走困难，严重影响了老年人的生活质量。该病常见于50岁以上人群，且女性患病率高于男性。随着人口老龄化的到来，膝骨关节炎的发病率可能增加。膝骨关节炎发病因素复杂多样，包括年龄、性别、肌力、肥胖、力学对线、膝关节损伤和手术等，目前虽有有效缓解的方案，但无法从根本上阻止其发展。因此，如何预防该病的发生成为该领域目前国内外研究的热点，进一步分析膝骨关节炎的危险因素有助于为预防膝骨关节炎的发生提供理论依据。肥胖且膝关节损伤或进行过手术的老年女性应特别注意膝骨关节炎的危险因素，实现膝骨关节炎的早预防和早诊断。
关键词：膝骨关节炎;伸膝肌无力;肥胖;危险因素
中图分类号：G804.6 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.15.011
文章编号：1006-1959（2020）15-0030-04
Abstract：Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis. The clinical manifestations are mainly knee pain， limited mobility， and severe cases of knee joint deformity and valgus deformity and walking difficulties， which seriously affect the quality of life of the elderly. The disease is common in people over 50 years of age， and the prevalence of women is higher than that of men. As the population ages， the incidence of knee osteoarthritis may increase. The pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis is complex and diverse， including age， gender， muscle strength， obesity， mechanical alignment， knee joint injury， and surgery. Although there are effective mitigation programs， it cannot fundamentally prevent its development. Therefore， how to prevent the occurrence of this disease has become a hot spot in this field at home and abroad. Further analysis of the risk factors of knee osteoarthritis will help to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis. Elderly women who are obese and have knee joint injuries or have undergone surgery should pay special attention to the risk factors of knee osteoarthritis to achieve early prevention and early diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.
Key words：Knee osteoarthritis;Knee extensor weakness;Obesity;Risk factors
膝骨關节炎（knee osteoarthritis）是最常见的影响老年人群的退行性关节病的形式[1，2]，不仅会带来生理疼痛，使患者日常活动行为受限，还会增加患者的经济负担[3]。常见的由膝骨关节炎导致的病理改变包括关节软骨的逐渐构解与丧失、软骨下骨的增生、骨刺的形成、关节滑膜的各级程度的炎症、韧带和半月板的退行性病变以及关节囊肥大[1]，这些解剖学结构的病理变化最终会引起功能障碍、肌肉僵硬和疼痛[2]。目前仍没有彻底治愈膝骨关节炎的方案。……
