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碘131和抗甲状腺药物治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的进展

2020-09-02甘景文

中外医学研究 2020年18期

甘景文

【摘要】 甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)是由于甲状腺合成或释放大量甲状腺激素,导致机体代谢加强,引发交感神经兴奋,出现体重减少、易怒的病症,部分患者还同时出现视力衰减、眼凸等症状。本文结合多位学者的研究成果及本人治疗经验,阐述了抗甲状腺药物和碘131治疗甲亢的进展。主要包括碘131及抗甲状腺药物的治疗原理、治疗的优势和不足及碘131治疗效果的影响因素,对治疗方法进行总结。

【关键词】 甲亢 碘131 抗甲状腺药物

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.18.074 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1674-6805(2020)18-0-03

Progress of Iodine 131 and Antithyroid Drugs in the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism/GAN Jingwen. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(18): -180

[Abstract] Hyperthyroidism is caused by the thyroid gland synthesis or release of a large number of thyroid hormones, which leads to the enhancement of body metabolism, cause sympathetic excitation, appear weight loss and irritability symptoms, and some patients also appear vision attenuation, ocular convex and other symptoms. This paper reviews the progress of antithyroid drugs and iodine 131 in the treatment of hyperthyroidism based on the research results of many scholars and my own treatment experience. It mainly includes the treatment principle of iodine 131 and antithyroid drugs, the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment, and the influencing factors of the treatment effect of iodine 131, and finally summarizes the treatment methods.

[Key words] Hyperthyroidism Iodine 131 Antithyroid drugs

First-authors address: Guangxi Guidong Peoples Hospital, Wuzhou 543000, China

碘131常用于治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢),凭借其安全有效、成本低的優势,得到广泛应用,成为目前治疗甲亢的主要方式,提高了患者治愈率。抗甲状腺药物是以丙硫氧嘧啶为主的治疗药物,是治疗甲亢的传统药物,在临床上得到广泛应用。甲亢属于自身免疫性疾病,由环境因素、遗传因素和免疫因素等影响,被分成炎性甲亢、垂体瘤甲亢等多个类别[1]。随着社会生活节奏加快,人们工作压力加重,甲亢发病率显著升高。及时采取治疗,可有效改善患者病情,避免病程进展,诱发其他合并症,威胁患者生命安全。

1 甲状腺功能亢进症

甲状腺功能亢进症,即甲亢,发病原因复杂,患者出现胃热、多汗、体重减轻、心悸、多食易饥等症状,代谢水平高,交感神经兴奋。甲状腺呈现出弥漫性,出现对称性肿大,触及可震颤,经听诊可见血管杂音[2]。甲亢作为一种免疫性疾病,多由于患者自身分泌过量的甲状腺激素,造成机体氧化还原反应增加,提高代谢水平。……

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