麦洁芬 尹才芳 李丽芳 梁惠兰

【摘要】 目的：研究信息-知识-信念-行为模式（IKAP）健康教育应用于妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）中的效果。方法：选取2018年2月-2019年2月于笔者所在医院就诊的GDM患者96例，按照随机数字表法分为对照组（48例）和研究组（48例）。对照组行常规健康干预，研究组在对照组的基础上行IKAP健康教育。观察两组自我管理行为、血糖水平、妊娠结局。结果：干预后两组SDSCA评分均高于干预前，且研究组评分高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预后两组FBG、2 h PBG、HbA1c均低于干预前，且研究组均各指标低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组妊娠结局优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：IKAP健康教育应用于GDM患者能显著提高患者自我管理行为，降低血糖水平，改善妊娠结局，可临床推广。

【关键词】 IKAP健康教育 妊娠期糖尿病 SDSCA评分 妊娠结局

doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.20.075 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2020）20-0-03

Analysis of the Effect of Information - Knowledge - Attitude - Practice Health Education Model in GDM/MAI Jiefen， YIN Caifang， LI Lifang， LIANG Huilan. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research， 2020， 18（20）： -183

[Abstract] Objective： To investigate the effects of information - knowledge - attitude - practice （IKAP） health education model on gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）. Method： A total of 96 GDM patients who were treated in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were divided into the control group （48 cases） and the study group （48 cases） according to the random number table method. The control group received routine health intervention， and the study group received IKAP health intervention on the basis of the control group. The self-management behavior， blood glucose level and pregnancy outcome of the two groups were observed. Result： After the intervention， the SDSCA scores in the two groups were higher than those before intervention， and the score in the study group was higher than that in the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. After intervention， the FBG， 2 h PBG and HbA1c in the two groups were lower than those before intervention， and the indicators in the study group were lower than those in the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The pregnancy outcome in the study group was better than that in the control group， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The application of IKAP health education model in GDM patients can significantly improve their self-management behavior， reduce blood sugar level， improve pregnancy outcome， and can be clinically popularized.

[Key words] IKAP health education Gestational diabetes mellitus SDSCA score Pregnancy outcome

First-authors address： Dongguan Houjie Hospital， Dongguan 523960， China

妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus，GDM）是妊娠期出現的糖代谢紊乱，可严重影响母婴预后。提高患者自我管理能力以降低血糖可改善妊娠结局，但常规健康教育模式因干预形式单一、妊娠期患者精力较差，经常规干预后患者健康观念仍较薄弱、自我管理能力仍较差、血糖水平仍较高，导致妊娠结局较差[1]。信息-知识-信念-行为模式（information-knowledge-attitude-practice，IKAP）是基于患者信息行针对化干预以改变其行为观念、建立健康行为的健康教育模式，应用于多囊卵巢综合征、乳腺癌患者可帮助其建立健康观念、改善其自我管理行为[2-3]，但在GDM中相关研究较少。基于此，笔者所在医院选取96例GDM患者，研究IKAP健康教育应用于GDM患者的效果，现做如下报道。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2018年2月-2019年2月于笔者所在医院就诊的GDM患者96例。纳入标准：确诊为GDM;意识正常可配合研究;无精神病史。排除标准：伴有恶性肿瘤;伴有心肝肾严重障碍;妊娠前即有血糖紊乱。……