黄红丽

摘要：利用1980-2017年北京地区沙尘天气、风速、气温和降水资料以及1998-2017年沙源地卫星遥感植被和积雪覆盖资料，研究了北京地区沙尘天气的变化特征及其可能成因。结果表明：北京地区沙尘天气以扬沙和浮尘为主、沙尘暴较少。沙源地植被覆盖状况是北京地区沙尘天气的重要影响因子，沙源地植被指数增加则沙尘天气减少;沙源地冬季积雪覆盖面积增加对北京地区沙尘天气减少具有一定影响。风速和气温是影响北京地区沙尘天气的重要气候因子，起风沙日数减少、气温上升则沙尘天气减少;降水量增加对北京地区沙尘天气减少具有较显著影响。

Abstract： Based on the data of sand and dust weather， wind speed， temperature and precipitation in Beijing from 1980 to 2017， and the remote sensing vegetation and snow cover data in the sand source region from 1998 to 2017， this paper analyzes the variation characteristics of sand and dust weather in Beijing and its possible causes. Results show that： ①The sand and dust weather in Beijing mainly consists of blowing sand and floating dust， with few sandstorms. ②The vegetation coverage in the sand source region is an important factor that affects the occurrence of sand and dust weather in Beijing， and the sand and dust weather days decrease with the increase of vegetation index in the sand source region. The increase of winter snow cover area in the sand source region has certain influence on the decrease of sand and dust weather days in Beijing. ③Wind speed and temperature are the important climatic factors that affect the sand and dust weather in Beijing， that is， the sand and dust weather days decrease with the decrease of days with wind and sand and the rise of temperature. The increase of precipitation has a significant effect on the decrease of the sand and dust weather in Beijing.

关键词：北京地区;沙尘天气;植被指数;积雪覆盖面积;气候因子

Key words： Beijing area;sand and dust weather;vegetation index;snow cover area;climate factors

中图分类号：[P445+.4]                                  文献标识码：A                                  文章編号：1006-4311（2020）24-0177-04

0  引言

沙尘天气是在特定地理环境和大尺度环流背景下诱发的一种灾害性天气（陈晓光等，2004），对生态环境、建筑、交通和人类健康可造成不可避免的危害（叶笃正等，2000;周子江等，2003）。因此，沙尘天气研究历来受到高度重视（王式功等，2000）。

许多学者对中国北方及北京地区沙尘天气的演变规律、影响因素及其沙源地进行了深入研究，取得诸多成果。周自江和章国材（2003）认为，1954-2002年中国北方地区大部分的沙尘暴和扬沙发生频率总体呈波动减小趋势，只有小部分地区的少数时间呈增长趋势。叶笃正等（2000）研究了1960-2000年华北沙尘天气的成因及发展趋势，认为局部地表覆盖状况是强沙尘天气产生的重要原因之一。……