侯相华

摘要：随着工业化进程的深入，行业企业对煤矿资源的需求量不断攀升，煤矿生产任务日益繁重，而保障煤矿生产安全是生产活动的首要前提。近年来煤矿生产安全事故频发，引起了社会各界的广泛关注，其中冲击矿压是影响煤矿生产安全的主要灾害之一，有效预防煤层冲击矿压迫在眉睫。鉴于此，笔者结合自身的工作实际，围绕煤矿煤层冲压防治技术展开相关探讨，首先详细探讨煤矿煤层冲击矿压的形成机理，总结其具体特征，然后提出有效监测煤矿煤层冲击矿压的有效手段，最后探讨煤矿煤层冲击矿压常用的防止技术手段。

Abstract： With the deepening of the industrialization process， the demand for coal resources in the industry has continued to rise， and coal production tasks have become increasingly onerous， and ensuring coal mine production safety is the primary prerequisite for production activities. In recent years， coal mine production safety accidents have occurred frequently and have aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. Among them， rock pressure is one of the main disasters affecting coal mine production safety. Effective prevention of coal seam impact on mine pressure is imminent. In view of this， the author combines the actual work to carry out relevant discussions around coal seam stamping prevention technology. Firstly， it discusses in detail the formation mechanism of coal seam shock pressure， summarizes its specific characteristics， and then proposes effective means to effectively monitor coal seam shock pressure. Finally， it discusses the common technical methods to prevent coal mine coal seam shocks.

关键词：煤矿;煤层;开采;冲击矿压;防止技术

Key words： coal mine;coal seam;mining;rock burst;prevention technology

中图分类号：TD82                                          文献标识码：A                                  文章編号：1006-4311（2020）24-0111-02

0  引言

煤矿资源仍然是当代社会生产的核心功能物质，煤炭资源也是我国工业生产以及综合国力保障的有效体现。为了切实满足社会不断发展的需要，煤炭工业快速发展，提升煤炭生产效率前提是建立在安全生产基础上。冲击矿压属于弹性能量，主要在矿井巷道煤层或者周围岩体内集中存在。煤炭资源开采环节，采矿周边岩体的平衡性被直接打破，煤岩被抛到巷道中，导致大批量的能量聚集，煤岩体出现明显震动和损坏，考虑到其作用时间并不长，但是释放出来的能量相当大，同时破坏性显著，所以对于煤矿企业的生产安全造成不利影响，详细分析探讨煤层冲击矿压的形成理论以及呈现出来的实际特征，并在此基础上提出更具针对性的预防和防止技术手段现实意义凸显，同时也是推动煤矿工业生产安全水平提升的有效保障。……