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普定县稻水象甲越冬成虫发生规律研究

2020-08-25曾琛张慧高潮王长春

山地农业生物学报 2020年3期

曾琛 张慧 高潮 王长春

摘 要:稻水象甲是我国进境植物检疫性有害生物,本文通过2014—2018年连续5年时间对普定县5个村作定点观察,研究其越冬成虫的始发期和高峰期及虫口密度。结果表明:稻水象甲越冬成虫始见期在小秧寄栽后4-6d(4月底到5月初),高峰期在小秧移栽9~12d(5月上旬),稻水象甲越冬成虫虫口密度在五年内呈下降趋势。本研究结果为掌握栽小秧时间和寻找最佳防治时期提供了数据基础。

关键词:稻水象甲;越冬成虫;发生规律;普定县

中图分类号:S433.5文献标识码:A

文章编号:1008-0457(2020)03-0071-04国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2020.03.012

Occurrence Regularity of Overwintering Adults of Rice Water Weevil in Puding County

ZENG Chen.1, ZHANG Hui.2*, GAO Chao.1, WANG Changchun.3

(1.Puding Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Puding,Guizhou 562100,China; 2. Anshun Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China;3. Puding Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection System, Puding, Guizhou 562100,China)

Abstract:Rice water weevil is an important phytosanitary pest in China. In this paper, we investigated the onset, peak and population density of overwintering adults in Puding County from 2014 to 2018. The results showed that initial period of rice water weevil was 4~6 days after the seedling planting (from the end of April to the beginning of May), the peak period of rice water weevil was 9~12 days after the seedling planting (early May).The population density of the overwintering adults of rice water weevil showed a downward trend from 2014 to 2018 year. This finding could provide a data basis for understanding the timing of planting small seedlings and finding out the best control period of rice water weevil.

Keywords:rice water weevils; overwintering adults; occurrence regularity; Puding County

稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel)屬鞘翅目象虫科,原产于北美洲,是我国二类进境植物检疫性有害生物[1]。稻水象甲于1976年侵入日本,1988年扩散到朝鲜半岛[2],我国于1988年首次在河北省唐山市发现其踪迹。贵州是2010年以来已报道稻水象甲疫情大面积入侵的最高海拔地区,稻水象甲呈条状分布在贵阳、安顺、黔南、习水等地[3-5]。2010年5月29日,安顺市普定县在病虫害普查过程中,在化处镇化新村首次发现稻水象甲。稻水象甲主要寄生禾本科、泽泻科、莎草科等66种作物与杂草,包括禾本科48种、莎草科13种[6-9]。稻水象甲成虫和幼虫都能对水稻造成危害,成虫取食稻叶上表皮和叶肉,留下下表皮,在稻叶上留下一条纵条斑痕,稻叶受害后继而影响其光合作用,但一般不构成大的经济损失[10];稻水象甲幼虫对水稻的危害是造成水稻损失的主要因素,其致使水稻根部的水分和营养吸收受阻,从而影响水稻生长发育。……

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