不同氮磷钾配比对天麻产量及品质的影响
2020-08-25熊万唐成林王以兴王晶宇罗夫来文平赵致罗春丽陈磊
熊万 唐成林 王以兴 王晶宇 罗夫来 文平 赵致 罗春丽 陈磊



摘 要:以大方当地野生天麻驯化种、当地野生蜜环菌为供试材料,选用正交表L9(3.4)进行施肥处理,研究不同氮磷钾配比对天麻产量及品质的影响,探索在仿野生环境条件下栽培天麻的合理施肥方案。研究结果表明:施P元素200g/穴能提高栽种天麻带来的经济收益。
关键词:氮磷钾配比;栽培;天麻;产量;品质
中图分类号:S-3文献标识码:A
文章编号:1008-0457(2020)03-0061-06 国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2020.03.010
Effect of different ratios of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata
XIONG Wan.1,TANG Chenlin.2,WANG Yixing.3,WANG Jingyu.1,LUO Fulai.1,WEN Ping.4,ZHAO Zhi.1,LUO Chunli.1,CHEN Lei.1
(1. Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants,Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000,China;2. Guizhou Agricultural Exhibition Hall, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001,China; 3. Dafang County Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry, Dafang, Guizhou 551600,China;4.Dafang County Jiulong Rhizoma Gastrodiae Development Co., Ltd.,Dafang, Guizhou 551600,China)
Abstract:The generous local wild Gastrodia elata and local wild Armillaria were used as test materials, and the test was designed by using orthogonal table L9 (.34). This study tried to understand the effects of different ratios of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) on the yield and quality of G. elata, and explore the reasonable fertilization scheme for the cultivation of G. elata under simulated wild environment. The results showed that the application of P element 200 g per hole could improve the economic benefits of G. elata.
Keywords:N,P and K collocation; cultivation;Gastrodia elata; yield; quality
天麻(Gastrodia elata Bl.)是一种名贵的中药材,以干燥块茎入药,属于非自养型植物,没有根和叶,不能进行光合作用。有息风,定惊的功效。主要用于治疗眩晕、头风头痛、肢体麻木等[1]。对于天麻的产量和品质,受菌材、海拔、土壤等多种因素影响[2]。刘威等[3]研究了5种树种菌材对天麻生长、产量及天麻素含量的影响;曾勇等[2]研究不同海拔两种天麻仿野生栽培下产量和品质变化;张尚智等[4]研究不同基质覆盖栽培对天麻产量的影响。除菌材、海拔、土壤等因素外,不同栽培模式下天麻产量和品质研究也比较多[5-8],然而对于天麻施肥方面并无人研究。尽管天麻块茎表皮很薄,但是也具有一定吸收功能,因此本研究对不同氮磷钾配比处理下的天麻的产量和品质进行分析[9-10],为天麻栽培提供一定的参考依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况
试验地位于贵州省大方县达溪镇坝子村永河组张家湾天麻种植基地,海拔1400m、年均降雨量1100mm、年均气温12.8℃、年均相对湿度80%、年均日照时数1138h,周围植被情况以灌木为主,乔木稀少。……
