王倩 逯海勇 程世超 于东明

摘要：中国传统村落的空间格局是文化和历史的体现，近年来随着旅游业的兴起，越来越多的传统村落空间格局被破坏，为今后的保护发展带来巨大困难，因此空间结构的研究对于未来村落的保护发展研究具有极高的价值。山东省泰安市山西街村是第一批中国传统村落，本研究通过空间句法的凸空间分析法、轴线分析法，选取整合度、可理解度、深度值等参数从不同的空间尺度定量分析其空间格局。研究表明：该村由环路包围而成，其道路层次较为分明，街巷宽度与两侧建筑物空间比例协调，尺度感较好；其中主街、环街及其沿街空间的空间整合度最高，村落整体可理解度较高，整体深度值较低，村落位置于大汶口镇可达性较好。整体而言，该村落既相对开放又保持着自身独立性，对它的保护和发展应注重街巷独特的空间格局保护与整治，同时给予上述分析中呈现的有意义空间更多关注。

关键词：空间句法；传统村落；空间结构；山西街村

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2020.06.012 中图分类号：TU982.29

文章编号：1009-1483（2020）06-0083-09 文献标识码：A

Research on the Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages Based on Space Syntax： Taking Shanxijie Village in Shandong Province as an Example

WANG Qian， LU Haiyong， CHENG Shichao， YU Dongming

[Abstract] The spatial pattern of traditional villages is a reflection of culture and history. In recent years， with the rise of tourism， more and more traditional village space patterns have been destroyed， which will bring greater difficulties for future protection and development. Therefore， the study of spatial structure is of great value. Shanxijie Village is one of the first batch of Chinese traditional villages. Through the convex space analysis method and the axis analysis method of spatial syntax， the parameters such as integration degree， intelligibility and depth value are selected to quantitatively analyze the spatial pattern of Shanxjie Village from different spatial scales. The research illustrates that Shanxijie Village is surrounded by a loop， and its road system is relatively clear. The width of the alley and the proportion of the buildings on both sides are appropriate， and the scale of the site is quite appropriate. The space has high integration of the main road， the ring street and its surroundings. The village is highly synergy， and the overall depth value is low. Additionally， the village is located in Dawenkou Town， which is quite easily accessible. Furthermore， the location of the site is not only relatively open and but also maintain its independence. The protection and development of the village should focus on the protection and rectification of its unique spatial pattern， while giving more attention to the meaningful space presented in the above analysis.

[Keywords] space syntax； traditional village； spatial structure； Shanxijie Village

引言

傳统村落作为活态的生活基地是基于一定的自然条件，在其固定的社会经济、历史文化等背景影响下，人们通过不同的方式布置物质要素而形成的人居环境，村落外在表现为物质要素和空间的构成[1]。物质要素是原始的自然要素和特定的人工要素的表现形式，物质要素主要是构成传统村落风貌特征的基础空……