余侃华 任梅梅 侯全华 张薇

摘要：本文以城郊型村庄在旅游发展中出现的投资、产品、环境、设施、制度等五个方面的困境为导向，立足于我国乡村旅游发展历程，在资源禀赋和休闲需求的驱动下，探讨基于旅游目的地建设的城郊型村莊融合发展模式、特征及危机应对措施。基于西北地区陕西省西安市阎良区村庄规划的实证，在解读现状和梳理旅游资源的基础上，通过主客交往、供需关系和示范效应的作用机制，以旅游目的地建设为指向，提出空间整合、文化融合、设施一体、体制创新等空间调控策略，以纾解城郊型村庄发展困境，为创新村庄转型发展路径提供新思路。

关键词：旅游目的地；城郊型村庄；村庄转型；空间调控；西安市阎良区

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2020.06.016 中图分类号：F292/TU982.29

文章编号：1009-1483（2020）06-0110-09 文献标识码：A

A Probe into the Spatial Regulation in Suburban Villages Based on the Tourism Destinations Construction： Taking Yanliang District in Xian City as an Example

YU Kanhua， REN Meimei， HOU Quanhua， ZHANG Wei

[Abstract] This article is guided by the dilemmas of investment， products， environment， facilities， and systems in the development of tourism in suburban villages. Based on the development process of rural tourism in China， driven by resource endowments and leisure needs， this paper discusses the suburban villages integration development model， characteristics and crisis response measures under the background of tourism destination construction. Based on the empirical analysis of the village planning in Yanliang District of Xian City in northwest China， on the basis of interpreting the current situation and combing tourism resources， through the mechanism of interaction between host and guest， supply and demand and demonstration effect， oriented by the construction of tourism destination， this paper proposes spatial control strategies such as spatial integration， cultural integration， integrated facilities and institutional innovations， in order to alleviate the development difficulties of suburban villages and provide new ideas for innovative village transformation and development paths.

[Keywords] tourism destination ； suburban village； village transformation； spatial regulation； Yanliang District in Xian City

引言

大城市近郊村庄作为中心城区与经济腹地联系的重要通道，其保有的绿色生态空间在城镇化快速发展中成为城市居民向往的旅游目的地。以城郊型村庄作为旅游目的地建设能够通过城乡经济、社会、生态、文化等之间的有效交流，改变“城市待不下，乡村回不去”的尴尬局面，以乡村振兴为动力吸引城市居民下乡、乡村贤能回归，以此推进乡村活力重塑、区域旅游发展和城乡高效融合。然而，近郊型村庄在面临乡村人去屋空和城镇化冲击双重约束下，应如何依托生态底线思维和生态文明建设，有效破解乡村旅游目的地建设面临的困境是重要问题。……