辣椒亲本间SRAP遗传距离与配合力、杂种优势的关系研究
2020-08-06吴立东
吴立东



摘 要:以11个辣椒亲本为材料按不完全双列杂交配置30个杂交组合,利用SRAP标记分析亲本间的遗传距离,探究其与配合力、杂种优势间的相关关系。结果表明:辣椒亲本间的遗传距离与亲本间的一般配合力(GCA)、组合间的特殊配合力(SCA)以及杂种优势均无显著的相关性,各性状的杂种优势与组合间SCA的相关性均不显著,只有果长的杂种优势与亲本间GCA呈极显著正相关。以上结果说明,利用遗传距离难以预测配合力以及后代的杂种优势,GCA和SCA也不能完全预测杂种优势。因此,遗传距离和配合力、杂种优势之间的关系还有待于进一步深入的研究。
关键词:辣椒;遗传距离;一般配合力;特殊配合力;杂种优势
中图分类号:S641.3 文献标识码:A
Abstract: The SRAP was used to analyze the correlation between the geneic distance with combining ability and heterosis of various agronomic traits in pepper. The materials consisted of 11 parent peppers and 30 F1 hybrids based on half diallel methods. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the genetic distance and general combining ability (GCA), special combining ability (SCA) and heterosis of pepper parents. There was no significant correlation between SCA and heterosis of all traits, but only significant positive correlation between heterosis of fruit length and GCA. It is difficult to predict the combining ability and heterosis of the offsprings by the genetic distance, GCA and SCA could not be used to predict heterosis completely. Therefore, the relationship between the genetic distance, combining ability and heterosis needs to be further studied.
Keywords: pepper; genetic distance; general combining ability; specific combining ability; heterosis
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.005
辣椒原產于中南美洲热带地区的墨西哥、秘鲁等地,是人类种植最古老的作物之一,其栽培历史悠久,种质资源极其丰富[1]。不同辣椒品种或类型之间存在着明显的杂种优势[2-3],利用杂种优势是进行辣椒新品种的选育的主要途径之一;20世纪60年代江苏省农业科学院蔬菜所育成我国第1个辣椒杂交品种‘早丰一号,产量比一般品种增产30%~40%[4]。到80年代以后,我国辣椒育种迅速发展,杂种优势利用效率得到大幅度的提高,选育出大量早熟优质高产的辣椒杂交种在生产上大面积应用推广,获得巨大经济效益,如中椒、湘研、茂椒和苏椒等一系列辣椒新品种。
在品种选育过程中,选择优良亲本配制强优势杂交组合是杂种优势育种的关键。……
