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仙人掌果色素的提取工艺优化及其稳定性研究

2020-08-06温春燕王彩霞张俊豪王辰宇郭大龙连海婷曹君

热带作物学报 2020年4期

温春燕 王彩霞 张俊豪 王辰宇 郭大龙 连海婷 曹君

摘  要:为充分开发利用仙人掌果色素,本研究在单因素试验基础上,通过L9(34)正交试验优化溶剂浸提法提取海南野生仙人掌果色素,并研究了pH、温度、光照、金属离子等对色素稳定性的影响。结果表明,仙人掌果色素的最佳提取工艺条件为pH 7.5的水溶液,料液比1∶20(g/mL),浸提温度30 ℃,浸提时间10 min,在此条件下,仙人掌果色素得率可达7.75%;仙人掌果色素在pH 4~10,温度低于30 ℃,避光下较稳定;金属离子Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+对色素的稳定性无明显影响,而Cu2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Al3+均会降低色素的稳定性,其中Cu2+、Fe3+对色素稳定性的破坏最大;氧化剂H2O2、还原剂Na2SO3、维生素C均降低色素的稳定性。

关键词:仙人掌果色素;溶剂浸提;工艺优化;正交试验;稳定性

中图分类号:TS202.3      文献标识码:A

Abstract: A solvent extraction technique was developed to extract the pigment from the wild cactus fruit in Hainan and optimized using the L9 (34) orthogonal test. The stability of the pigment to pH, temperature, light, metal ions and so on was also investigated. The optimal extraction conditions using distilled water were 10 min at pH 7.5 and 30 ℃ with a solid/liquid ratio 1∶20 (g/mL). Under the conditions, the yield of pigment was up to 7.75%. The pigment had good stability under pH 4~10, temperature less than 30 ℃, darkness conditions. The metal ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ had no obvious effect on the stability of the pigment. However, metal ions Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+ could worsen its stability, especially Cu2+ and Fe3+. Oxidizing agent, reducing agent Na2SO3 and Vc reduced the stability of the pigment.

Keywords: cactus fruit pigment; solvent extraction; process optimization; orthogonal design; stability

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.023

仙人掌(Opuntia),又名先巴掌、觀音掌、霸王树、龙舌等,为仙人掌科仙人掌属多年生常绿肉质灌木状植物[1-3]。其原产于南美洲,现在我国海南、广东、广西、云南、四川及东南亚等热带、亚热带地区均有分布[4-5]。仙人掌果,又名仙掌子,为仙人掌的果实。其表皮呈紫色、青绿色或金黄色,果浆呈紫红色,味酸甜。仙人掌果富含糖、氨基酸、有机酸、维生素、矿物质、果胶、黄酮类等营养物质,具有清热解毒、提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、降低血压血糖、清除自由基、镇痛等作用[6-13]。

色素,分为天然色素和合成色素2种。研究表明,大部分合成色素均有不同程度的毒性,危害人体健康[14-15]。与之相比,天然色素无毒无害,营养价值高,且具有一定的生物活性[16-17]。近年来,合成色素由于安全性差,在品种和数量上均受到了严格的限制。……

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