张传进 任奎喻 郭霜 庞师婵 王帅帅 杨尚东

摘  要：采用盆栽的方法，分析磁处理对豌豆根际土壤生物学性状的影响，旨在探究磁处理对豌豆根际土壤肥力及健康状况的影响。试验设置无处理（对照CK），添加铁粉（A）、磁化铁粉（B）、场强为0.2特斯拉（T）磁铁+铁粉（C）以及0.2 T磁铁（D）的处理，基于高通量测序技术分析磁处理对豌豆根际土壤生物学性状的影响。结果表明：C处理显著增加豌豆根际土壤中可培养细菌和真菌数量，同时微生物生物量C、N、P与CK相比分别增加了34.0%、46.0%、44.2%;β-葡萄糖苷酶、氨肽酶、磷酸酶酶活性分别增加了24.6%、23.7%、31.8%;另一方面，C处理中土壤细菌丰富度和多样性指数Ace、Chao1、Shannon指数显著高于CK;属（Genus）分类水平韦恩图分析中上，CK处理特有的属细菌主要有3个：Sneathiella、Desulfurispora、nannocystaceae;A处理特有的属细菌有7个;B处理特有的属细菌亦有7个;C处理特有的属细菌有11个;D处理特有的属细菌有8个。综上所述，C处理能够显著提高豌豆根际土壤中可培养微生物数量、微生物生物量（C、N、P）、酶活性和细菌多样性等多项指示土壤肥力和健康状况的生物学指标，表明磁场强度为0.2 T的磁铁+5 g磁化铁粉处理具有提高土壤肥力抵御土传病害的能力。

关键词：豌豆;磁处理;细菌多样性;高通量测序

中图分类号：S154.3      文献标识码：A

Abstract： To explore the effect of magnetic treatments on the soil fertility and health， the soil biological properties in the rhizosphere of peas were analyzed using pot culture. Five treatments， i.e. No-treatment （CK）， iron powder （A）， magnetized iron powder （B）， magnetized iron powder+0.2 T magnet （C） and 0.2 T magnet treatments （D） were set for analyzing with the high-throughput sequencing technique. The amounts of cultivable bacterial and fungi could be significantly increased by treatment C. Meanwhile， compared to CK， the biomass C， N， P and the activities of β-Glucosidase， Aminopeptidase and Phosphatase were also increased by 34.0%， 46.0%， 44.2% and 24.6%， 23.7%， 31.8% compared to treatment C， respectively. In addition， the indexes of richness and diversity of bacteria， such as Ace， Chao1 and Shannon in treatment C were also significantly higher than those in CK. Moreover， Sneathiella， Desulfurispora and nannocystaceae were the unique bacteria in CK under genus level， but seven different bacterial groups under genus level were showed in treatments A and B. Eleven different bacterial groups were presented in treatment C. And there were only eight different bacterial groups in treatment D. In summary， the biological indicators of soil fertility and health， such as soil cultivable microorganisms， microbial biomass， enzyme activities and bacteria diversity were all significantly improved under treatment C， which used 0.2 T magnet + 5 g magnetized iron powder. It indicated that the soil fertility and ability to resist soil-borne diseases could be promoted by treatment.

Keywords： peas; magnetic treatment; bacterial diversity; high-throughput sequencing

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.04.026

目前，隨着农业产业结构的不断变更，我国设施园艺发展迅猛，设施栽培面积位居世界第一，占世界设施栽培总面积的85%以上，且人均设施面积居世界第2，其中设施栽培又以设施蔬菜栽培为主，占95%以上[1]。近年来，全国设施蔬菜栽培面积及比例不断攀升，其种植面积达370万公顷，产量达2.5亿吨[2]。……