张新怡

[摘 要] 20世纪90年代以来，我国对外贸易发展迅速，而机电产品作为我国对外贸易的重要组成部分，贸易规模增长迅速，其贸易竞争力指数也折射出我国近年来的制造业水平和技术发展水平。基于20世纪90年代以来机电产品的进出口额及贸易竞争力指数，分析我国机电产品贸易竞争优势的变迁，同时从全球价值链分工角度入手，结合当代国际分工格局，深入剖析我国机电产业的潜力与弊病，并结合当前的贸易环境给予相关政策建议以谋求在当前国际分工格局下的新出路，从而实现由“贸易大国”向“贸易强国”的转变。

[关键词]机电产品;贸易竞争力;全球价值链;TC;RCA

[中图分类号] F74                   [文献标识码] A                   [文章编号] 2095-3283（2020）07-0033-04

Research on the Trade Competitiveness of Mechanical and Electrical Products in China

from the Perspective of GVC —— Based on TC， RCA and CA Index

Zhang Xinyi

（Jiangnan University， Wuxi Jiangsu 214000）

Abstract： Since the 1990s， China's foreign trade has developed rapidly.Mechanical and electrical products as an important part of China's foreign trade， the trade scale has grown rapidly.The trade competitiveness index also reflects China's manufacturing level and technological development level in recent years.This article is based on the mechanical and electrical products volume of import and export and trade competitiveness index analysis，analyzing the changes of the mechanical and electrical products trade competitive advantage in our country from the perspective of global value chain. Find out the potential and problems of the mechanical and electronic industry in China.Based on the current trading environment，offer more relevant policy suggestions in order to find new ways to survive in the new international division patterns and  change from the big trade country to the power one.

Key Words： Mechanical and Electrical Products; Trade Competitiveness; Global Value Chain;TC;RCA;

一、引言

機电产品作为我国出口贸易的重要组成部分，其贸易竞争力成为检测我国产业结构及最终利益归属的重要指标。20世纪90年代以来，随着国际分工的深入开展和跨国公司的繁荣发展，我国依靠劳动力、土地等优势吸引外资，大力发展加工贸易，机电产品的出口竞争力不断加强，而在全球价值链视角下，我国机电产品利润空间不断受到上游发达国家的压榨，且近年来劳动力等传统要素相对优势略有下降，我国的机电产品面临着转型升级的困境，蕴藏着巨大的技术、品牌潜力和新的发展方向。本文通过对20世纪90年代以来机电产品贸易竞争力指数变化描述，总结归纳其发展特点并给予相关的政策建议，从而进一步提升机电产品的贸易竞争力，逐渐占据掌握全球利益分配的主导权。……