勐海县“稻-鱼-鸭-蔬-玉米”共生种养模式综合经济效益研究
2020-08-06龚应高玉艳珊罗吨
龚应高 玉艳珊 罗吨



摘 要:为系统分析云南省西双版纳傣族自治州勐海县“稻-鱼-鸭-蔬-玉米”共生种养模式经济效益,于2016—2019年对西双版纳州勐海县勐遮镇“稻-鱼-鸭-蔬-玉米”共生种养模式投入与产出进行了研究。结果表明:(1)2016—2019年总投入呈增加趋势,总体投入均表现为:水稻>小米辣>肉鸭>鲜食玉米>鱼;(2)总产出为水稻>肉鸭>鱼>小米辣>鲜食玉米,水稻、鲜食玉米、小米辣、肉鸭、鱼4年平均总产出分别为24853.3元/hm2、7176.3元/hm2、8111.5元/hm2、15120.0元/hm2、14589.4元/hm2;(3)2016—2019年总收益分别为36277.5元/hm2、48510元/hm2、57663.5元/hm2和60307.5元/hm2;4年平均净收益为鱼>肉鸭>水稻>小米辣>鲜食玉米,鱼、肉鸭、水稻、小米辣和鲜食玉米的净效益分别为12646.4元/hm2、12513.8元/hm2、9478.3元/hm2、4886.6元/hm2和4886.6元/hm2,占总净收益的比例分别为28.5%、28.3%、22.1%、10.8%和1%。综合来看,勐海县“稻-鱼-鸭-蔬-玉米”共生种养模式具有较高的经济效益,其中鱼和肉鸭的投入低、产出高,效益较高;水稻虽然产出较高,但是投入较大,使得其净收益较低;小米辣和鲜食玉米的投入与产出均较低,但是可以作为该模式下提高收益的重要补充。
关键词:水稻;肉鸭;蔬菜;鲜食玉米;共生;效益
中图分类号 F323.3文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2020)14-0049-05
Abstract: To systematically analyze the economic benefits of the “rice-fish-duck-vegetable-corn” symbiotic breeding model. From 2016 to 2019, the input and output of “rice-fish-duck-vegetable-maize” symbiotic breeding was conducted in Mengzhai Town, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, and the comprehensive economic benefits of the system were systematically analyzed. The results show that: (1) The total input is increasing from 2016 to 2019, and the overall input is: rice>millet spicy>meat duck>fresh corn>fish; (2)The total output is rice>meat duck>fish >Xiaomi Spicy>Fresh corn, the average input of rice, meat duck, fish, millet spicy and fresh corn for 2 years is 24853.5 yuan/hm2, 15120 yuan/hm2, 972.6 yuan/hm2, 14589 yuan/hm2 and 7176 yuan/hm2; (3) The total income from 2016 to 2019 is 36277.5 yuan/hm2, 48510 yuan/hm2, 57666 yuan/hm2, 60307.5 yuan/hm2; the average net income in 4 years is fish>meat duck>rice>millet spicy>fresh For corn, the net benefits are 1,2646.4 yuan/hm2, 12513.8 yuan/hm2, 9478.3 yuan/hm2, 4886.6 yuan/hm2, and 4886.6 yuan/hm2, accounting for 28.5%, 28.3%, 22.1%, and 10.8% of the total net income. and 1%.Taken together, the “rice-fish-duck-vegetable-corn” symbiosis model has high economic benefits. Among them, fish and meat ducks have low input and high output, and the benefit is high; while rice has high output, but the input is relatively high High, making its net income low; millet spicy and fresh corn, both input and output are low, but can be used as an important supplement to improve income under this model.
Key words: Rice; Meat duck; Vegetables; Fresh corn;Symbiosis; Benefit
傳统农田生产主要以水稻种植为主,农田经济效益低,并带来了农药、化肥用量大等问题[1]。近年来,为了提高农田经济效益,调动农民生产积极性,减少农药、化肥使用带来的环境污染,稻田种养结合等绿色高效生产模式已成为提高农田经济效益、提高种粮积极性、协调粮食安全与环境保护的重要途径之一,并在湖北、安徽、江苏、浙江、辽宁、云南等多个省份迅速推广,取得了一定的成效[2]。全国已经形成了“稻-鱼”“稻-鳖”“稻-小龙虾”……
