农业生产成本和结构对产业发展的影响
2020-08-04刘健伟王勤红方寒寒陈建华倪小明王文鹏
刘健伟 王勤红 方寒寒 陈建华 倪小明 王文鹏



摘要 为分析浙江省富阳地区晚稻、油菜、茶叶、桃、梨5种主要作物生产成本的构成以及成本变化,2016—2018年连续3年调查了这5种主要作物的生产成本,明确了5种作物成本构成。结果表明,茶叶、桃、梨、油菜4种作物人工成本占总成本的40%~80%,在总成本中占首位,而晚稻栽培机械化程度高,机械化成本在总成本中占首位。对于以修剪为代表的技术较强的人工成本快速增长,人工成本仍是制约部分农业产业发展的主要因素。对于未来农业发展方式建议未来政府部门加大农业机械化作业推广力度,加强科技难题攻关,增强技术培训力度,加大土地流转,通过规模化、标准化来实现机械化,降低成本,提高作物的经济效益。
关键词 农业成本;成本结构;发展方式;农作物;园艺作物
中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2020)14-0221-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.061
Abstract To analyze change of production cost and cost structure of main crops (rice, rapeseed, tea, peach and pear) in Fuyang District of Zhejiang Province, the production cost of the five major crops were investigated from 2016 to 2018, the cost structure were clarified. The results showed that labor cost of four crops (tea, peach, pear, rapeseed) accounted for 40%-80%of the total cost, which ranked the top, while agricultural mechanization degree was higher on late rice than other main crops, the cost on mechanized operation ranked top. Labor costs on pruning rapidly increased, labor cost became the key factor restricting agricultural industries development.The study suggested that agricultural mechanization operations should be encouraged, scientific and technological problems should be solved hardly, technical training should be strengthened,land circulation should be increased.The crops benefits could be increased by scale cultivation and standardization.
Key words Agricultural cost;Cost structure;Development mode;Crops;Horticultural plants
富陽地区位于浙江省杭州市的西南角,山地、丘陵面积1 439.6 km2,占全市总面积的78.61%,属亚热带季风气候,四季分明,降水充沛,光照充足,适合多种农作物以及园艺作物生长,是浙江省内重要的农作物以及园艺作物生产基地。农业生产成本主要是指农业企业在生产过程中所发生的各种耗费[1],分为当年直接用于生产而发生支出的费用和间接用于生产管理的费用,如机械损耗、折旧、燃料动力支出等[2]。农业生产者成本直接影响农业生产利润以及发展状况,明确当下不同农业产业的生产成本构成和成本变化,有针对性地调整发展模式和思路,不仅可以直接影响农业企业发展状况,长期还影响着农村经济可持续的发展。……
