李珺瑶 张冬有 王吉祥

摘要 利用1982—2006年NOAA AVHRR-GIMMS NDVI和2002—2010年MODIS NDVI 这2种数据并结合周边13个气象站的地表温度数据，分析1982—2010年黑龙江省多年冻土区生长季植被NDVI在时间和空间上的尺度变化及其与地表温度的响应关系。结果表明，黑龙江省多年冻土区生长季GIMMS NDVI和MODIS NDVI对植被NDVI具有很好的指示作用;1988—2004年植被波动较大，2004年以后植被增长趋势逐渐放缓，趋于平稳;在1982—2006年，植被NDVI与地表温度5月为显著正相关，6月相关性很弱，7、9、10月呈低度相关，8月则相关性显著。在2002—2010年，5、10月为低度相关，6月为显著相关，7—8月相关性较弱，9月为显著相关。总体来看，植被覆盖度不断变好;植被NDVI与地表温度具有较强的相关性，年际变化总趋势较为相似，具有同期性。

关键词 NDVI;时空变化;地温;响应;黑龙江省多年冻土区

中图分类号 X171 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2020）14-0072-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.020

Abstract Using data of 1982-2006 NOAA AVHRR-GIMMS NDVI and 2002-2010 MODIS NDVI combined with surface temperature data of 13 weather stations， the spatial and temporal scales of the vegetation NDVI in growing season in the permafrost regions of Heilongjiang Province during 1982-2010 were studied and their response to surface temperature was analyzed. The research showed that the GIMMS NDVI and MODIS NDVI in the growing season of permafrost regions in Heilongjiang Province were consistent， and both had a good indication of vegetation NDVI. From 1988 to 2004，the trend of vegetation fluctuation was obvious. After 2004， the vegetation growth trend gradually slowed down and stabilized. During 1982-2006， vegetation NDVI was positively correlated with land surface temperature and significantly correlated in May. The correlation was very weak in June， with low correlation in July， September and October， and significant in August. During 2002 - 2010， May and October were low-level correlations， and June was a significant correlation，the correlation between July and August was weaker and September was significant. On the whole， the vegetation coverage continued to improve. The NDVI of vegetation had a strong correlation with surface temperature， and the interannual variations were similar and had the same period.

Key words NDVI;Temporal and spatial variation;Ground temperature;Response;Permafrost region of Heilongjiang Province

冻土是指温度在0 ℃或0 ℃以下，且含有冰的岩石与土壤[1-2]。冻土一般分为三大类，即短时冻土、季节冻土和多年冻土。当土壤冻结时间一直持续数年甚至达到1万年以上时，冻结时间最长即定义为多年冻土。多年冻土在冰冻圈的重要作用已经逐渐得到证实，它在冰冻圈的地位举足轻重，发挥着不可替代的作用。黑龙江省多年冻土区主要分布在其西北部，是我国冻土分布的第二大地区，也是我国高纬度多年冻土区分布的主要地区之一，主要是大小兴安岭地区，其分界线大约在48°N以北地区，面积约为15×104 km2，冻土层厚度在5～100 m[3]。黑龙江省多年冻土区气温增加，以及带来一系列生态环境问题，受到了广泛关注。……