金瓜果实贮藏特性评价指标的确定与应用
2020-07-08沙勤朱爱萍乔勇进刘晨霞朱忠南
沙勤 朱爱萍 乔勇进 刘晨霞 朱忠南



摘 要: 为了减少金瓜采后损耗,提高贮藏品质,通过科学评价金瓜耐贮特性为金瓜定向育种提供科学依据,以金瓜采后贮藏烂果率为评价基础指标,结合失重率、果实硬度、瓜皮厚度、可溶性固形物含量、瓜丝脆度、瓜腔内瓜籽萌芽指数等主要贮藏品质及感官指标,综合比较贮藏性状并进行系统相关性分析,研究确定金瓜耐贮性评价指标,确立适宜金瓜耐贮性评价方法,并对37份金瓜种质资源评价适用性验证,进而完成了耐贮金瓜杂交组合的鉴定,最终筛选出CM30×HN02和CM28×CQ 2个耐贮型杂交组合,在生产中示范与推广,为金瓜耐贮品种选育与推广提供了理论借鉴和技术支撑。
关键词: 金瓜;贮藏性状;评价指标;贮藏品质;种质资源
中图分类号:S642.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2020)06-046-04
Abstract: In order to reduce the post-harvest loss of the golden-melon and improve the storage quality, the scientific evaluation of storage characteristics of the golden-melon was used to provide scientific basis for directional breeding. The basic storage evaluation indicators (rotten fruit rate, weight loss rate, fruit hardness, melon skin thickness, soluble solid content, melon fragility, melon seed germination index and other main storage quality and sensory)were analyzed in this research. According to comparing of golden-melon storage characteristics and systematic correlation analysis, evaluation index of storage resistance of golden-melon was determined, the evaluation method of golden-melon storability was established. 37 golden-melon germplasm resources were used to verified the applicability of this evaluation method, and the storage-resistant golden-melon combination was identified. Two storage-resistant hybrid combinations(CM30×HN02 and CM28×CQ) were selected to demonstrate and promote in production of golden-melon. It provides theoretical reference and technical support for the breeding and promotion of golden-melon varieties.
Key words: Golden-melon; Storage properties; Evaluation index; Storage quality; Germplasm resources
金瓜(Cucurbita pepo L. var. medullosa Alef.)又名金丝瓜、搅瓜、茭瓜等,最早起源于墨西哥或中北美洲地区[1],是葫芦科南瓜属美洲南瓜(西葫芦)中能搅丝的一个变种[2],我国在明代已有引进栽培历史。金瓜在上海崇明岛已有四百多年的栽培历史,以食用老熟瓜为主,瓜皮金黄,为当地的传统名特蔬菜品种。目前年种植面积在800 hm2左右,2014年“崇明金瓜”获得国家农产品地理标志[3]。
金瓜色泽金黄,自然成丝,瓜丝含有丰富的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、维生素、有机酸、纤维素、矿质元素等成分,以及人体必需的瓜氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸等多种氨基酸[4],尤以富含维生素和矿物质而著称[5]。但金瓜采收后贮藏期间极易发生腐烂,有时腐烂率高达70%~100%,且品种之间有显著差异[6]。……
