申利亚　朱宜平　陈立婧

摘要 调查了当前我国水库的水质现状，运用例证法分析了我国水库的主要污染源及其治理现状，研究了现阶段治理措施中存在的不足之处。结果表明：我国水库主要污染源为生活污染、工业废水、农业面源、旅游活动、库区流动源及水库底泥;目前我国在水库污染治理方面采取了不同污染源分而治之的措施，取得了阶段性的成就，积累了一定的经验;现阶段污染治理措施中仍然存在一些问题有待解决，如非点源污染尚未得到控制、库区环境污染预防不足、水库污染监管不到位、污染排放与治理周而复始等。针对污染治理中出现的问题提出了相关解决对策，以期为我国水资源保护提供理论参考。

关键词 水库污染;治理现状;问题;对策

中图分类号 X52文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0088-05

Abstract This overview investigates the current status of water quality in Chinas reservoirs， analyzes the major sources of pollution in Chinas reservoirs and the status of their governance by using the example method， and studies the deficiencies in the current governance measures.The results showed that：The main sources of pollution in Chinas reservoirs are domestic pollution， industrial wastewater， agricultural nonpoint sources， tourism activities， reservoir flow sources， and reservoir sediments;at present， people take measures to divide and conquer different sources of pollution in the treatment of reservoir pollution in China， which has gained periodic achievements and accumulated certain experience;there are still some problems to be solved in the pollution control measures at the current stage.For instance， nonpoint source pollution has not yet been controlled， the prevention of environmental pollution in the reservoir area is insufficient， the supervision of reservoir pollution is not in place， the cycle of pollution emissions together with governance continues and so on.This study proposes relevant solutions to the problems which have emerged in the treatment of pollution in order to provide a theoretical reference for the protection of water resources in China.

Key words Reservoir pollution;Treatment status;Issues;Countermeasures

水庫是指在山沟或河流的狭口处拦河筑坝形成的半自然半人工的水利工程实体。水库具有提供城乡生产生活用水、开展淡水养殖、水上运输、水利发电、旅游观光和调节区域气候等综合功能，在区域社会经济发展和生态环境建设中发挥着至关重要的作用[1]。

我国人口众多，环境承载能力较弱，人均水资源拥有量只有世界平均水平的1/4，是一个相对缺水型国家。如今，作为我国供水中坚力量的很多水库受到了不同程度的污染，水质现状不容乐观，水库污染防治迫在眉睫。

1 我国水库污染现状

我国是世界上水库数量最多的国家，在温带、寒温带、热带、亚热带均有广泛的分布。……