陈永阳

[摘要] 对入托入学儿童开展预防接种证查验工作，是卫生和教育部门的法定职责，旨在提高免疫规划疫苗接种率，预防传染病在校园内流行。自2006年开展入托入学儿童预防接种证查验工作以来，我国接种证查验工作质量逐年提高，学龄前儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率得到提升，学校传染病发病率下降显著，但部分地区工作制度和措施不完善，局部地区补种率偏低，免疫规划疫苗针对疾病仍在学校时有发生。为探讨适宜的查验方法，提高查验效果，该文对我国入托入学儿童预防接种证查验情况进行综述。

[关键词] 儿童;入托;入学;接种证;查验

[中图分类号] R186 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2020）02（c）-0192-05

[Abstract] It is a statutory duty of the health and education departments to carry out the inspection of immunization certificates for enrolled children. It aims to increase the immunization plan vaccination rate and prevent the spread of infectious diseases on campus. Since the inspection of vaccination certificates for children enrolled in school in 2006， the quality of China's vaccination certificate inspections has been improving year by year， the vaccination rate of preschool children's immunization programs has increased， and the incidence of infectious diseases in schools has dropped significantly. But the working system and measures were incomplete， and the rate of replanting is low in some areas. The vaccine against the disease still occurs in schools. In order to discuss the appropriate inspection methods and improve the inspection results， the inspection situation of vaccination certificates for children enrolled in school in China is reviewed.

[Key words] Children; A child in a nuusery; Start schoot Vaccination certificate; Inspection; Research

预防接种证查验工作作为常规免疫查漏补种的重要形式，有效提高兒童接种机会，维持高水平接种率，是预防和控制可免疫性传染病在学校流行的重要手段[1]。虽然各地查验的流程、方式都基本一致，但效果不一。为提高接种证查验效果，该文进行了接种证查验工作情况回顾。现报道如下。

1  预防接种概述

1.1  预防接种的概念

随着病原微生物学和免疫学的发展，预防接种成为阻断疾病传播，维护生命健康，保证国家和地区经济社会发展的一项重要策略。预防接种的内涵在不同时期略有不同，但对健康人群或对暴露人群接种疫苗类预防性生物制品，使其在不发病的情况下获得特异性免疫[2]的基本概念未发生改变。预防接种形式有：适龄儿童计划免疫接种、特殊人群的常规接种和应急接种、暴露人群免疫血清类制品的临床治疗和免疫预防、用于现场试验诊断等。……