闫春晓　冯文

[摘要] 目的 了解北京市该社区儿童第二类疫苗的接种情况，分析家长传染病健康素养对儿童预防接种行为的影响。方法 采用单纯随机抽样方法，对该社区2岁以上儿童及其家长进行问卷调查，问卷内容包括家长传染病健康素养测评表、儿童个人基本信息和儿童预防接种信息，应用Ordinal有序回归分析儿童预防接种行为的影响因素。结果 该次调查共发放问卷550份，回收有效问卷506份，托幼儿童比散居儿童更倾向于接种第二类疫苗（OR=1.506，95%CI：1.046-2.166）;传染病健康素養中等得分组和高分组的家长为子女接种第二类疫苗的可能性分别是低分组的1.241倍（95%CI：0.751-2.052）和2.060倍（95%CI：1.149-3.695）。结论 儿童管理类型和家长传染病健康素养是影响儿童第二类疫苗接种的重要因素，提高家长传染病健康素养水平，有助于改善第二类疫苗的接种现状。

[关键词] 健康素养;传染病;预防接种

[中图分类号] R18 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2020）02（c）-0184-03

[Abstract] Objective To understand the vaccination status of children's type 2 vaccine in a community in Beijing and analyze the impact of parental health literacy on children's vaccination behavior. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on children over 2 years old and their parents in a community. The questionnaire included parental health literacy assessment forms for infectious diseases， basic personal information of children and information on child immunization. Ordinal ordered regression analysis was used to analyze child prevention factors influencing vaccination behavior. Results A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed in this survey， and 506 valid questionnaires were recovered. Younger children were more likely to receive the second type of vaccine than scattered children （OR=1.506， 95% CI：1.046-2.166）; middle score for health literacy of infectious diseases parents in the middle score group and the high score group were 1.241 times （95% CI：0.751-2.052） and 2.060 times （95% CI：1.149-3.695） in the low score group to receive their children's second vaccine. Conclusion The type of child management and the health literacy of parents 'infectious diseases are important factors affecting children's type 2 vaccination， improving the level of parents' health literacy of infectious diseases， which will help improve the status of vaccination of type 2 vaccines.

[Key words] Health literacy; Infectious diseases; Vaccination

传染病是严重危害人类健康的一类疾病，随着微生物适应性和人体易感性的改变，我国传染病总体形势是面临新发和原有传染病的双重威胁。预防接种工作的开展能够降低我国传染病的发生率，对人们健康以及公共卫生安全保障有非常重要的意义[1]，我国2007—2017年与预防接种相关主要传染病发病率总体呈下降趋势[2]。该研究旨纳入2018年9—11月该社区2岁以上常住学龄前儿童及其家长作为研究对象，分析506份调查问卷，在了解北京市该社区儿童第二类疫苗的接种情况和家长的传染病健康素养水平，分析家长传染病健康素养对儿童预防接种行为的影响。……