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职业健康体检中粉尘作业人员肺功能检查结果分析

2020-06-11王媛李良王兴康何广权

中国卫生产业 2020年8期

王媛 李良 王兴康 何广权

[摘要] 目的 研究职业健康体检中粉尘作业人员肺功能检查结果。方法 选择2015年5月—2016年5月接受职业健康体检的93名粉尘作业人员,其中43例有肺功能下降症状,无症状的人员50名,对比粉尘作业人员肺功能相关指标。结果 两组比气道传导率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),有症状组肺活量、一秒末用力呼气容积、最大呼气容积、最大呼气中段流量、呼气峰值流速均低于无症状组,与无症状组相比,有症状组气道阻力较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 粉尘作业人员存在肺功能下降问题,通过职业健康体检能够对检查人员尘肺等疾病予以判断。

[关键词] 职业健康体检;粉尘作业;肺功能检查

[中图分类号] R19 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654(2020)03(b)-0185-03

[Abstract] Objective To study the results of lung function tests of dust workers in occupational health examinations. Methods A total of 93 dust workers who received occupational health examinations from May 2015 to May 2016 were selected. Among them, 43 had symptoms of reduced lung function and 50 were asymptomatic. The lung function-related indicators of dust workers were compared. Results There was no significant difference in specific airway conductance between the two groups(P>0.05). The symptom group's vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at the end of one second, maximum expiratory volume, maximum mid-expiratory flow, and peak expiratory flow velocity were all lower than those without. Compared with the asymptomatic group, the symptomatic group had higher airway resistance, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Dust workers have reduced lung function. Occupational health examination can be used to judge the pneumoconiosis and other diseases.

[Key words] Occupational health examination; Dust work; Lung function examination

肺功能检查是职业健康体检中的重要组成部分,导致职业疾病出现的因素较多,主要包括烟雾暴露、职业粉尘,尤其是长期职业暴露的人群,易出现呼吸系统损伤,慢性支气管炎、尘肺、肺气肿、哮喘等疾病均可通过肺功能检查发现[1]。职业病比较普遍,其主要特征是可预防、可控制的,病因也是可以确定的。一般来说,为了有效控制职业病,应进行有效的知识预防和普及,同时告知粉尘作业人员个人卫生需要加强,以便控制职业病的发生。近年来,健康教育在医院体检的临床实践中得到了广泛应用,并取得了理想的效果。早期诊断呼吸系统对于健康检查者的治疗具有重要意义,该文选择2015年5月—2016年5月的93名粉尘作业人员,针对粉尘作业人员的职业健康体检,对其肺功能检查结果加以分析。

1  資料与方法

1.1  一般资料

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