不同喷雾助剂对稻田除草剂减量作用的研究
2020-06-08田志慧袁国徽高萍沈国辉
田志慧 袁国徽 高萍 沈国辉



摘要 采用田间试验方法开展了β助剂、迈丝、益泽、激健4个喷雾助剂对氰氟草酯和灭草松的减量使用技术研究。结果表明,使用100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油防除稻田杂草稗Echinochloa crusgalli、千金子Leptochloa chinensis时,分别添加β助剂、益泽、激健3个喷雾助剂均可降低其使用量30%,添加迈丝可降低其使用量20%;使用480 g/L灭草松水剂防除多花水苋Ammannia multiflora、丁香蓼Ludwigia prostrata和异型莎草Cyperus difformis 等杂草时,添加β助剂可降低其使用量30%,分别添加迈丝、益泽、激健3个喷雾助剂均可降低其使用量至少20%。两种稻田常用除草剂减量20%~30%后添加喷雾助剂施用对水稻生长和产量均无不良影响。
关键词 喷雾助剂; 稻田; 除草剂; 减量作用; 安全性
中图分类号: S 482
文献标识码: B
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019112
Effects of different spray adjuvants on the reduction of herbicide application in rice fields
TIAN Zhihui, YUAN Guohui, GAO Ping, SHEN Guohui
(Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China)
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted to detect the reduction of cyhalofop-butyl and bentazone by mixing with 4 spray adjuvants of beta, Maisi, Yize and Jijian. The results showed that for control of Echinochloa crusgalli and Leptochloa chinensis in rice fields, the dosage of cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L EC could be reduced by 30% when mixed with spray adjuvants either beta, Yize or Jijian, 20% while mixed with Maisi. For control of weeds such as Ammannia multiflora, Ludwigia prostrate and Cyperus difformis, the dosage of bentazone 480 g/L AS could be reduced by 30% when mixed with beta adjuvant, 20% while mixed with either Maisi, Yize or Jijian. The 20%-30% reduction of two herbicides and the addition of spray adjuvants had no adverse effect on the growth and yield of rice.
Key words
spray adjuvant; rice field; herbicide; reduction; safety
喷雾助剂(spray adjuvant)是在喷洒农药前直接添加到喷药桶或药箱中,混合均匀后能改善药液理化性质的一种农药助剂,通常也被称为桶混助剂[1]。国内外学者研究发现,添加适宜的助剂可降低除草剂药液表面张力和接触角,促进药液在靶标表面的润湿展布,改善除草剂的湿润性能,增加沉积量,从而在不增加除草剂用量的情况下提高药效[28]。喷雾助剂应用于杀虫剂、杀菌剂的研究起步早,已有文献报道,迈丝应用于稻田杀菌剂防治水稻纹枯病[9],激健应用于稻田杀虫剂防治稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟,应用于杀菌剂防治水稻纹枯病和稻曲病[1012]均有增效作用。在除草剂方面,喷雾助剂激健应用于旱田除草剂增效作用的研究较多,相关研究表明小麦田除草剂与……
