李俊 杨义 何亚丽 杜辉 杨红 陶雪娟

摘要 以高羊茅和草地早熟禾为试验材料，于2015年3月至2016年9月在上海交通大学农业与生物学院探索5种生产上常用的芽前除草剂对杂草的控制和草种子生产的影响。结果表明：适用于高羊茅种子生产的除草剂为40%扑草净WP，其处理的高羊茅种子单产较高，为793.3 kg/hm2，与人工除草处理产量无显著差异，杂草的株防效为69%;适用于草地早熟禾种子生产的除草剂为480 g/L氟乐灵EC，其处理的草地早熟禾种子单产较高，为200.9 kg/hm2，与人工除草处理无显著差异，杂草的株防效为59%;不适合在两种草种子生产中使用的药剂为960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC，它对两种草坪草的生长和种子产量均有显著抑制作用。

关键词 杂草防除; 芽前除草剂; 种子生产; 高羊茅; 草地早熟禾

中图分类号： S 48

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019109

Control effects of five preemergence herbicides on weeds and seed production of Festuca elata & Poa pratensis

LI Jun1， YANG Yi2， HE Yali3， DU Hui1， YANG Hong1， TAO Xuejuan1

（1. Information Research Institute of Science and Technology， Shanghai Academy of

Agricultural Sciences， Shanghai 201403， China; 2. Property/Agriculture Insurance Department，

China Continent Property & Casualty Insurance Company Ltd.， Shanghai 200120， China;

3. School of Agriculture and Biology， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200240， China）

Abstract

Using Festuca elata and Poa pratensis as experiment materials， a study was conducted in School of Agriculture and Biology， Shanghai Jiao Tong University from March 2015 to September 2016.Effects of 5 preemergence herbicides on weed control and seed production were investigated and evaluated. The result showed that prometryn 40% WP was suitable herbicide for seed production of F.elata， the seed yields （793.3 kg/hm2） were higher than that of control， and there was no significant difference in seed yield between weed control by hand and applying prometryn 40% WP. The effect of weed control with applying prometryn 40% WP was 69%. Trifluralin 480 g/L EC was suitable herbicide for seed production of P.pratensis， the seed yield of P.pratensis.（200.9 kg/hm2） was higher than that of control， and there was no significant difference in seed yield between weed control by hand and applying trifluralin 480 g/L EC. The effect of weed control with applying trifluralin 480 g/L EC was 59%. S-metolachlor  960 g/L EC significantly inhibited the growth and yield of F. elata and P.pratensis， which was unsuitable for seed production of the two lawn grasses.

Key words

weed control; preemergence herbicide; seed production; Festuca elata; Poa pratensis

高羊茅Festuca elata Keng ex E. Alexeev和草地早熟禾Poa pratensis L.是常用的多年生禾本科牧草和草坪草，以種子繁殖为主。在大面积种子生产过程中发现，除了气候等原因制约草种产量外，杂草危害是制约草种高产稳产的另一重要因素。由于人工除草耗时长，效果参差不齐，化学除草仍是我国当前最切实可行的方法[1]。但采用行间定向喷施草甘膦等非选择性除草剂，会因定向不准确造成对植株的误伤，降低有效穗数，引起大幅度减产[2]，而芽前除草剂可选择性地抑制土壤中杂草种子萌发，节省人力物力。目前少有关于草种子生产田上除草剂的应用报道[34]。Biberdzic等[5]于2007年在塞尔维亚的克鲁舍瓦茨牧草作物研究院对新建直播高羊茅种子生产田进行了4种除草剂的田间试验;Derr[6]指出磺酰脲类除草剂可以控制芽前和芽后一年生和多年生杂草。……